基于SFMA评估和纠正越野滑雪运动员运动功能障碍的研究  

Study on Evaluating and Correcting Motor Dysfunction of Cross-country Skiers Based on SFMA

作　　者：张丽琴 王宏达 ZHANG Liqin;WANG Hongda(Inner Mongolia Institute of Sports Science(Inner Mongolia Center of Anti Doping),Hohhot Inner Mongolia,010030)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区体育科学研究所(内蒙古自治区反兴奋剂中心),内蒙古呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《湖北体育科技》2024年第6期12-17,共6页Hubei Sports Science

摘　　要：目的运用选择性功能动作评估(SFMA)分析和纠正越野滑雪运动员存在的功能障碍和疼痛,建立正确的动作模式,为预防和治疗伤病提供思路,从而提高其竞技水平。方法对12名越野滑雪运动员进行SFMA测试与评估,9周的纠正性训练后进行第二次SFMA测试。结果12名越野滑雪运动员经SFMA评估均存在不同部位、不同程度的运动功能障碍,进行纠正性训练后,6名运动员运动功能障碍消除,另6名运动员运动功能障碍减少,关节角度增加,关节灵活性改善。结论1)越野滑雪运动员出现身体运动功能障碍较为常见,经SFMA评估主要发生在髋关节、胸椎关节和踝关节等部位;2)SFMA可以有效地筛查出越野滑雪运动员的运动功能障碍,且通过纠正性训练能够使其消除和改善,从而降低运动员的受伤风险。但髋关节外旋、下肢后链、踝关节背屈的灵活性功能障碍等问题,需做好日常拉伸放松和较长时间的纠正性训练才能得以改善。Objective Using SFMA to analyze and correct functional impairments and pain in cross-country skiers,establishing correct movement patterns,providing ideas for preventing and treating injuries,and thus improving their competitive level.Methods Conduct SFMA testing and evaluation on 12 cross-country skiers,followed by a second SFMA test after 9 weeks of corrective training.Results 12 cross-country skiers were assessed by SFMA to have different parts and degrees of motor dysfunction.After corrective training,6 athletes'motor dysfunction was eliminated,while the other 6 athletes'motor dysfunction decreased,joint angle increased,and joint flexibility improved.Conclusion 1)Cross-country skiers often experience physical motor dysfunction,which is assessed by SFMA to mainly occur in areas such as the hip,thoracic,and ankle joints.2)SFMA can effectively screen for motor dysfunction in cross-country skiers,and corrective training can eliminate and improve it,thereby reducing the risk of injury for athletes.However,problems such as hip external rotation MD,lower limb posterior chain MD,and ankle dorsiflexion MD require daily stretching and relaxation,as well as long-term corrective training to be improved.

关 键 词：越野滑雪 动作模式 运动功能障碍 选择性功能动作评估 纠正性训练 

分 类 号：G863.1[文化科学—体育训练]