高水平花样跳绳运动员工作记忆加工与存储特点——基于行为与ERP的研究  

Working Memory Processing and Storage Characteristics of High-level Fancy Jump Rope Athletes:A Behavioral and ERP-Based Study

作　　者：肖盛强 袁思禹 吴涛 林世军 邱达明[1] XIAO Shengqiang;YUAN Siyu;WU Tao;LIN Shijun;QIU Daming(School of Physical Education and Sports,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang Jiangxi,330022;School of Physical Education and Sports,Nanchang Normal University,Nanchang Jiangxi,330032)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学体育学院,江西南昌330022 [2]南昌师范学院体育学院,江西南昌330032

出　　处：《湖北体育科技》2024年第6期35-40,共6页Hubei Sports Science

基　　金：江西师范大学研究生创新基金项目(YJS2022068)。

摘　　要：目的探讨高水平花样跳绳运动员工作记忆加工与存储的行为及神经特点。方法选取14名高水平花样跳绳运动员(专家组)和14名普通体育生(新手组),采用变化觉察任务和事件相关电位技术考察两组在2个目标(2T)、2个目标+2个干扰物(2T2D)和4个目标(4T)任务下的行为和脑电指标。结果1)在2T与2T2D任务中,专家组K差值显著小于新手组;在4T任务中,专家K值显著高于新手;2)在2T2D任务下,专家比新手诱发较小的N2pc和CDA波幅;在4T任务下,专家比新手诱发更大的CDA波幅。结论在工作记忆加工阶段,专家表现出更高的注意控制并把注意资源分配在目标项目,而新手容易将注意关注在干扰物上导致记忆容量的下降。在工作记忆存储阶段,专家较新手能够维持存储更多的项目信息,表现出更高的工作记忆容量。这种优势的可能机制与专家顶内沟所诱发的脑神经活动有关。Objective To investigate the behavioral and neural characteristics of working memory processing and storage in high-level synchronized jump rope athletes.Methods Fourteen high-level synchronized jump rope athletes(expert group)and 14 general physical education students(novice group)were selected to examine the behavioral and electroencephalographic indices of the two groups under the 2-target(2T),2-target+2-disturbance(2T2D),and 4-target(4T)tasks by using the change awareness task and the event-related potential technique.Results 1)In the 2T and 2T2D tasks,the expert group K difference was significantly smaller than that of the novice group.In the 4T task,the expert K value was significantly higher than that of the novices.2)Under the 2T2D task,the experts induced smaller N2pc and CDA waveform amplitudes than the novices.Under the 4T task,the experts evoked larger CDA waveform amplitudes than the novices.Conclusion In the working memory processing stage,experts showed higher attentional control and allocated attentional resources to the target items,while novices were prone to focus attention on distractors resulting in decreased memory capacity.In the working memory storage phase,experts were able to maintain the storage of more item information than novices and showed higher working memory capacity.The possible mechanism for this advantage is related to the brain neural activity evoked by the expert intraparietal sulcus.

关 键 词：高水平花样跳绳运动员 注意控制 工作记忆容量 N2pc 对侧延迟活动 

分 类 号：G898.1[文化科学—体育学]