不同施氮量及氮肥基追比对‘郑麦369’产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Nitrogen Ratios of Base and Topdressing on Yield of‘Zhengmai 369’

作　　者：王红梅 吕继龙 WANG Hongmei;LV Jilong(Henan Dancheng County Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Zhoukou,Henan 477150;Management Committee of Henan Zhoukou National Agricultural Science and Technology Park,Zhoukou,Henan 477150)

机构地区：[1]河南省郸城县农业科学研究所,河南周口477150 [2]河南周口国家农业科技园区,河南周口477150

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第33期18-23,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项“小麦玉米新品种绿色高效生产技术示范推广”(221111112400)。

摘　　要：施氮量和氮肥基追比是影响小麦产量的关键因素,不同施氮量和氮肥基追比对小麦不同生育期内茎蘖数以及产量构成因素产生重要影响,探索施氮量和氮肥基追比的最佳组合,可以有效提高小麦产量。本研究采用双因素设计,以氮肥施用量为主处理,氮肥基追比为副处理,主处理设置4个不同的施氮量,包括F_(1)120 kg/hm^(2)、F_(2)180 kg/hm^(2)、F_(3)240 kg/hm^(2)和F_(4)300 kg/hm^(2);副处理设置6个不同的基追比,包括N_(1)3:7、N_(2)4:6、N_(3)5:5、N_(4)6:4、N_(5)7:3、N_(6)10:0,在拔节期进行追氮。在出苗期、越冬期、拔节期、孕穗期和成熟期调查内茎蘖数;在灌浆期测定千粒重变化;在成熟期测定有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重。结果表明:施氮量和基追比,以及二者的交互作用均显著影响‘郑麦369’产量,其中F_(3)处理能有效提高小麦群体数量,F_(2)处理能减少成穗期茎蘖消亡率,且F_(2)处理对‘郑麦369’的增产效果最大,增产达到9.74%~33.58%;小麦产量随着基肥中氮肥比例的增加呈现下降趋势;相比N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3),小麦产量在N_(5)和N_(6)处理中显著下降;施氮量和氮肥基追比的交互作用下,F_(2)N_(1)的小麦产量最高,较其他处理增产最高达到52.12%。结果表明,施氮量和氮肥基追比通过影响有效穗数和千粒重进而影响‘郑麦369’的产量,其中F_(2)N_(1)的交互处理下的小麦产量达到最高。本研究为优化‘郑麦369’的高产栽培措施提供重要的理论依据。Nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer are key factors affecting wheat yield.Different nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer have important effects on the number of tillers and yield components at different growth stages of wheat.Exploring the optimal combination of nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively improve wheat yield.A two-factor design was used in this study.Four different nitrogen application rates were set for the main treatment,including F_(1)120 kg/hm^(2),F_(2)180 kg/hm^(2),F_(3)24 kg/hm^(2) and F_(4)300 kg/hm^(2).Six different base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer were set for secondary treatment,including N_(1)3:7,N_(2)4:6,N_(3)5:5,N_(4)6:4,N_(5)7:3 and N_(6)10:0.Nitrogen topdressing was carried out at the jointing stage.The number of internal tillers was investigated at seedling stage,overwintering stage,jointing stage,booting stage and maturity stage.The 1000-grain weight was measured at the filling stage.Effective spike number,grain number per spike,and 1000-grain weight were measured at the maturity stage.The results showed that the yield of‘Zhengmai 369’was significantly affected by nitrogen application rate,base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer,and their interaction.Among them,F_(3) effectively increased the population number of wheat,F_(2) reduced the tiller loss rate at the heading stage,and F_(2) had the greatest effect on the yield of‘Zhengmai 369’,increasing yield by 9.74%-33.58%.Wheat yield decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer proportion in the base fertilizer.Compared with N_(1),N_(2) and N_(3),wheat yield decreased significantly under N_(5) and N_(6).Under the interaction of nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer,F_(2)N_(1) had the highest wheat yield,with a maximum increase of 52.12%compared to other treatments.The results showed that nitrogen application rate and base-topdressin

关 键 词：小麦 产量 施氮量 氮肥基追比 栽培措施 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]