昆虫对Bt作物的抗性机制以及治理策略的研究进展  

Insect Resistance Mechanism to Bt Crops and Management Strategies:A Review

作　　者：杨洋 赵官涛 王露 王琼 朱珍花 张佩 何玉娇 赵长增 YANG Yang;ZHAO Guantao;WANG Lu;WANG Qiong;ZHU Zhenhua;ZHANG Pei;HE Yujiao;ZHAO Changzeng(Gansu Yasheng Agricultural Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Lanzhou 730010;College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃亚盛农业研究院有限公司,兰州730010 [2]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第33期141-149,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2022年度第七批甘肃省科技计划(重点研发计划-农业类)项目“用转基因技术创制玉米抗虫耐除草剂新品系研究”(22YF7NA060);2021年度兰州市人才创新创业项目“玉米抗虫新品系研究”(2021-RC-67)。

摘　　要：苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)是一种分布十分广泛的革兰氏阳性菌,其在营养生长阶段和产孢阶段能够产生一系列杀虫蛋白,是农业、林业以及公共卫生实践中常用的生物防治剂。基于基因工程技术研制的Bt作物为农业害虫治理提供了一种高效、环保的生物防控手段。然而,长时间广泛种植Bt作物使得害虫逐渐产生Bt抗性,这大大降低了Bt蛋白的杀虫效果和Bt作物的长期效益。为了深入了解Bt蛋白的作用机制和昆虫Bt抗性产生之间的关系,本文归纳了多种Bt毒素的结构与功能特征,并从免疫系统调节、毒素激活变化和毒素受体基因突变三个主要方面阐述了昆虫Bt抗性发生的分子机制。此外,还介绍了基因堆叠和“高剂量/庇护所”这两种昆虫抗性治理策略。最后,指出Bt作物未来的研究方向,包括进一步深入解析Bt毒素的作用模式和昆虫Bt抗性发生的机制,发掘新的Bt蛋白,加强Bt作物科普宣传以及建立抗性监测网络和预警系统。Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)is a widely distributed Gram-positive bacterium that can produce a series of insecticidal proteins during its vegetative growth and sporulation phases.It is commonly used as a biocontrol agent in agriculture,forestry and public health practice.The Bt crops developed based on genetic engineering technology provide an efficient and environmentally friendly biological control method for agricultural pest management.However,the extensive and prolonged cultivation of Bt crops has led to the gradual development of Bt resistance in pests,which has greatly reduced the insecticidal effect of Bt proteins and the long-term benefits of Bt crops.In order to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the mechanism of action of Bt proteins and the occurrence of Bt resistance in insects,this paper summarized the structural and functional characteristics of various Bt toxins,and elaborated the molecular mechanism of Bt resistance in insects from three main aspects:immune system regulation,changes in toxin activation,and mutations in toxin receptor genes.In addition,two insect resistance management strategies,gene stacking and‘high dose/shelter’were also introduced.Finally,the future research directions of Bt crops were pointed out,including further in-depth analysis of the mode of action of Bt toxins and the mechanism of Bt resistance in insects,exploration of new Bt proteins,strengthening the popularization and publicity of Bt crops,and establishing resistance monitoring network as well as early warning system.

关 键 词：苏云金芽孢杆菌 Cry蛋白 杀虫活性 毒素受体 抗性机制 抗性治理 杀虫蛋白 基因工程 生物防治 

分 类 号：S433.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]