1984—2021年渭河流域气温和降水时空分布特征分析  

Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation in Weihe River Basin from 1984 to 2021

作　　者：陈四宾 汪宏星 CHEN Sibin;WANG Hongxing(Guangdong Communication Planning&Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510630,Guangdong,China;Hunan Aerospace Hongtu UAV System Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410100,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省交通规划设计研究院集团股份有限公司,广东广州510630 [2]湖南航天宏图无人机系统有限公司,湖南长沙410100

出　　处：《水利发展研究》2024年第10期96-105,共10页Water Resources Development Research

摘　　要：渭河流域生态环境脆弱,降水和气温直接关乎区域内农业生产。以渭河流域14个气象站1984—2021年降水和气温数据为基础,通过趋势分析、M-K突变检验、小波分析、空间插值等方法分析了渭河流域的降水气温时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)渭河流域年平均气温、最高气温呈显著上升趋势,上升速率为0.33℃/10a。年平均气温于1996年发生突变,研究期间第一主周期(16a)震荡程度先降低后增强,相应的第二主周期(6a)震荡程度变化较为稳定。(2)年平均降水呈显著上升(2.85 mm/a)趋势,2018年前后发生突变且具有3a、8a、13a和26a 4个震荡周期。(3)空间上多年平均气温、最低气温呈“北低南高”分布,最高温度则呈“东西低、南北高”分布,渭河干流中下游是气温高值集中区域。(4)年平均降水量呈现“东南高、西北低”,“下游高、上游低”的空间分布特点,华山站、凤翔站为降水高值中心。The ecological environment of the Weihe River Basin is fragile,and precipitation and temperature are directly related to agricultural production in the region.Based on the precipitation and temperature data from 14 meteorological sta-tions in the Weihe River Basin from 1984 to 2021,this article analyzes the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of precipitation and temperature in Weihe River Basin through trend analysis,M-K mutation test,wavelet analysis,spatial interpolation,and other methods.The results show that:(1)The annual average temperature and maximum temperature in the Weihe River Basin show a'significant upward trend,with a rate of increase of 0.33 C/10a.The annual average tem-perature experienced a sudden change in 1996.During the study period,the oscillation degree of the first main cycle(16a)decreased and then increased,and the corresponding fluctuation degree of the second main cycle(6a)remained rel-atively stable.(2)The annual average precipitation shows a significant upward trend(2.85 mm/a),with a sudden change around 2018 and four oscillation periods of 3a,8a,13a,and 26a.(3)The average temperature and minimum temperature in space for many years are distributed as"low in the north and high in the south",while the maximum temperature is dis-tributed as"low in the east and west,and high in the north and south".The middle and lower reaches of the main stream of the Weihe River are areas where high temperature values are concentrated.(4)The annual average precipitation shows a spatial distribution pattern of"high in the southeast and low in the northwest"and"high in the downstream and low in the upstream",with Huashan Station and Fengxiang Station as the centers of high precipitation values.

关 键 词：降水气温 时空分布 小波分析 趋势检验 渭河流域 

分 类 号：P343[天文地球—水文科学]