2005—2024年江苏省审定籽粒型大豆品种特征特性与趋势分析  

Characteristics and Trend Analysis of Approved Seed-type Soybean Varieties in Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2024

作　　者：赵宏亮 王萍 石开明 宋添彪 吴燕生 齐波 张林青 张国良[1,2] ZHAO Hongliang;WANG Ping;SHI Kaiming;SONG Tianbiao;WU Yansheng;QI Bo;ZHANG Linqing;ZHANG Guoliang(Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai′an 223003,China;Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering Research Institute,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai′an 223003,China;Higher Education Institute,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai′an 223003,China)

机构地区：[1]淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院,江苏淮安223003 [2]淮阴工学院江淮平原作物产业工程研究院,江苏淮安223003 [3]淮阴工学院高等教育研究所,江苏淮安223003

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第6期717-724,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：博士科研启动经费项目(Z301B19537)。

摘　　要：为进一步挖掘江苏省籽粒型大豆品种潜力,加快高产优质新品种选育,对2005—2024年江苏省审定的124份籽粒型大豆品种的特征特性变化趋势及相关性进行分析。结果表明:随审定年份更替,审定品种的株高、生育期、结荚高度、主茎节数表现出明显的下降趋势;有效分枝、单株荚数、百粒重表现出缓慢的上升趋势;每荚粒数、产量表现出明显的上升趋势;品质性状方面,蛋白质含量表现出缓慢的上升趋势,而脂肪含量则表现出较为明显的上升趋势。相关性分析结果表明:审定品种的产量与生育期、株高、结荚高度、主茎节数、有效分枝数、蛋白质含量之间呈负相关关系,且达极显著或显著水平,而产量与每荚粒数、脂肪含量之间呈极显著的正相关关系,同时百粒重与每荚粒数之间呈显著正相关关系,脂肪含量和蛋白质含量之间呈极显著负相关关系。因此,今后在江苏省籽粒型大豆新品种的选育过程中,宜加强单株荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重的协同改良,适当缩短生育期,降低株高,结荚高度和减少有效分枝数,协调好产量与品质的关系,培育出更多的优质高产大豆新品种,促进江苏省大豆产业的发展。To further tap the potential of soybean varieties in Jiangsu province and accelerate the selection of high-yielding and high-quality new varieties,the trend of characteristics and correlations of 124 soybean varieties approved by Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2024 were analyzed.The results showed that the plant height,maturity period,pod height,and main stem node number of the approved varieties showed a marked downward trend with the replacement of approval years.The effective branches number,pods number per plant,and 100-seed weight showed a slow upward trend.The seeds number per pod and yield showed a marked upward trend.In terms of quality traits,the protein content showed a slow upward trend with the replacement of approval years,while the fat content showed a marked upward trend.The correlation analysis results showed that the yield of the approved varieties was negatively correlated with the maturity period,plant height,pod height,main stem node number,effective branches number,and protein content,and reached a significant or highly significant level.The yield was positively correlated with the number of seeds number per pod and fat content at an extremely significant level,and the 100-seed weight was positively correlated with the number of seeds number per pod at a significant level.The fat content and protein content were negatively correlated at an extremely significant level.Therefore,in the selection of new soybean varieties in Jiangsu province in the future,it is advisable to strengthen the coordinated improvement of single pod number,seeds number per pod,and 100-seed weight,appropriately shorten the maturity period,reduce plant height and pod height,and reduce effective branches number.The relationship between yield and quality should be coordinated,and more high-yielding and high-quality soybean varieties should be bred to promote the development of the soybean industry in Jiangsu province.

关 键 词：江苏省 大豆 审定品种 农艺性状 趋势分析 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]