液氢储运压力容器用不锈钢材料选材的研究  

Study on Selection of Stainless Steel Materials for Liquid Hydrogen Storage and Transportation Pressure Vessels

作　　者：高洁 张卫斌[2] 金晓飞 孙浩 康帅 罗晓钟 臧鹏芸 GAO Jie;ZHANG Weibin;JIN Xiaofei;SUN Hao;KANG Shuai;LUO Xiaozhong;ZANG Pengyun

机构地区：[1]张家港中集圣达因低温装备有限公司,江苏苏州215632 [2]江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院,江苏苏州215600

出　　处：《煤气与热力》2024年第11期I0009-I0016,共8页Gas & Heat

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“液氢制取、储运与加注关键装备及安全性研究”(2020YFB1506203)。

摘　　要：对奥氏体不锈钢材料S31603进行了拉伸试验和-196、-269℃下的冲击试验。试验结果表明,S31603材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度均随温度下降而大幅升高,断后伸长率虽略有降低但仍能满足使用需求。因此对于奥氏体不锈钢材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率等指标,只要满足材料标准的室温指标即可。S31603在-196、-269℃下的侧向膨胀量均大于0.53 mm,能够满足液氢容器的力学性能需求。调研了市场常见的奥氏体不锈钢材料并计算了马氏体自发转变温度。计算结果显示,不锈钢材料S31603的奥氏体稳定性系数为负值,不锈钢材料S31608的奥氏体稳定性系数为正值,但2种材料的马氏体自发转变温度均高于液氢容器的工作温度-253℃,因此不锈钢材料S31603、S31608均无法满足液氢容器的使用要求。在不锈钢材料S31608基础上调整了C、N、Ni元素含量,开发出奥氏体不锈钢材料S31608-LH。其奥氏体稳定性系数均为正值,马氏体自发转变温度低于-253℃,满足液氢容器的使用要求。对S31608-LH钢板、钢锻件和钢管进行力学性能试验,其在室温下的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率以及-196℃下冲击功和侧向膨胀量均超过液氢容器团体标准的指标限值,满足使用要求。Room temperature tensile tests and impact tests at-196 and-269℃were conducted on austenitic stainless steel material S31603.The test results show that the tensile strength and yield strength of S31603 material increase significantly with decreasing temperature,although the elongation at break slightly decreases,it still meets the requirements for use.Therefore,for the tensile strength,yield strength,elongation at break and other indicators of austenitic stainless steel materials,as long as the room temperature indicators of the material standard are met.The lateral expansion of S31603 at-196 and-269℃is greater than 0.53 mm,which can meet the mechanical properties of liquid hydrogen vessels.The common austenitic stainless steel materials in the market were investigated and the martensitic spontaneous transition temperature was calculated.The calculation results show that the stability coefficient of austenitic stainless steel S31603 is negative,and the stability coefficient of austenitic stainless steel S31608 is positive,but the martensitic spontaneous transition temperature of the both materials is higher than the working temperature of liquid hydrogen vessels-253℃,so the stainless steel materials S31603 and S31608 cannot meet the requirements for use of liquid hydrogen vessels.On the basis of stainless steel material S31608,the contents of C,N and Ni elements were adjusted,and the austenitic stainless steel material S31608-LH was developed.Its austenitic stability coefficients are all positive,and the martensitic spontaneous transition temperature is low-253℃,which meets the requirements for use of liquid hydrogen vessels.The mechanical properties of S31608-LH steel plates,steel forgings and steel pipes were tested,and the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation at break at room temperature as well as the impact energy and lateral expansion at-196℃all exceeded the index limits of the group standard for liquid hydrogen vessels,and met the requirements for use.

关 键 词：液氢 压力容器 不锈钢材料 奥氏体稳定性系数 马氏体自发转变温度 

分 类 号：TK912[动力工程及工程热物理]