二战后海外人类学华南宗族研究的进路  

The Approach of Overseas Anthropology to the Study of South China Lineage after World War Ⅱ

作　　者：陈海斌[1,2] CHEN Haibin

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学王阳明研究中心 [2]山西大学中国社会史研究中心

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期30-45,共16页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“清代江西地方司法文献与基层社会治理研究”(21CZS069);江西应用技术职业学院校级课题(JXYY-JXZ-02213);江西应用技术职业学院校级课题(JXYY-JG-202302)。

摘　　要：二战后,英美人类学者在弗里德曼宗族理论的基础上以港台地区汉人社会为视窗透视中国社会,形成了以宗族村落社区为研究取径,注重结构、功能和村落民族志的特点。中国台湾光复后,日本学者在战前调查的基础上进一步开展村落调查研究,重视村落社会的地缘和血缘构造,并提出地域社会研究的重要理论。二战后以英美、日本人类学家为主体的海外人类学汉人宗族研究,在结构、功能之外,注重宗族与区域社会关系之考察,区域及其整体性得到重视,人类学与历史学的理论方法得到紧密结合,为中国台湾人类学汉人社会研究和华南区域社会研究的开展奠定了重要基础。20世纪50—70年代,海外人类学中国社会研究的焦点和视角受到其时政治、学术和时代的深刻影响,塑造了此期“远观人类学”特有的问题意识和研究旨趣,是其时“核心—边陲”世界体系内的他者话语表述和形象建构。改革开放后,海外人类学家相继进入中国内地进行田野调查,形成了新时期人类学中国社会研究的问题意识和现实关怀。After World War Ⅱ,British and American anthropologists,based on Friedman’s theory of kinship,used the Han Chinese society in Hong Kong and Taiwan China as a perspective to examine Chinese society,forming a research approach in British and American anthropology that focuses on lineage village communities,structure,function,and village ethnography.After the recovery of Taiwan China,Japanese scholars further carried out village investigation and research on the basis of pre-war investigation,paying attention to the geographical and kinship structure of village society,and put forward important theories of regional social research.After World War Ⅱ,the study of Han clans in overseas anthropology,primarily conducted by British,American,and Japanese anthropologists,emphasized the examination of the relationship between clans and regional societies in addition to structure and function.The significance of regions and their overall integrity was highlighted,and the theoretical methods of anthropology and history were closely integrated,thus laying an important academic foundation for the study of Han societies in Taiwan anthropology and the South China region.In the 1950s and 1970s,the focus and perspective of overseas anthropological research on Chinese society were profoundly influenced by the political,academic,and social contexts of the time,shaping the unique problem consciousness and research interests of“far sighted anthropology”in this period.It was the discourse expression and image construction of the other within the“core-periphery”world system at that time.After the reform and opening up,overseas anthropologists have successively entered the mainland of China to conduct field investigations,forming a problem awareness and practical care in the study of Chinese society in the new era of anthropology.

关 键 词：二战后 海外人类学 汉人宗族研究 

分 类 号：K820.9[历史地理—历史学] C912.4[经济管理]