20世纪50年代农村改造落后运动再探讨  

Re-discussion on the Campaign for Transforming Rural Backwardness in the 1950s

作　　者：陈霞 Chen Xia

机构地区：[1]安徽大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《广东党史与文献研究》2024年第5期37-46,共10页

基　　金：2023年度安徽省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“新中国初期安徽省改造落后乡的地方实践和历史经验”(项目编号:2023AH050008)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪50年代中期,中共为解决土地改革遗留问题并应对农业合作化的新任务,掀起了全国性的改造落后乡运动。20世纪50年代末,以彻底革命为号召,意在巩固人民公社制度并扫除生产跃进的障碍,中共对落后地区和落后乡社单位开展了改造运动。如上两个运动阶段以革命补课为号召,却意在解决现实落后问题。而农村改造落后的工作重点也由解决基层组织的历史遗留问题基本转向了社队的现实日常管理上来。因此,20世纪50年代农村改造落后运动的实用性特点也影响着此后对落后标准的认定,落后不再表现为革命化而表现为现实化和日常化。In the mid-1950s,in order to solve the remaining problems of land reform and cope with the new task of agricultural cooperation,the CPC launched a nationwide campaign to reform backward towns.In the end of the 1950s,calling for a complete revolution,but intended to consolidate the commune system and remove obstacles to the leap forward of production,the CPC has launched a campaign to reform backward areas and rural community units.In the above two stages,which called for making up revolution lessons but intended to solve the backward reality,the focus of the work of backward rural reform has basically shifted from solving the historical problems left over by the grass-roots organizations to the realistic daily management of the community and teams.Therefore,the practical characteristics of the transform backward campaign of rural reconstruction in the 1950s also influenced the identification of backward standards thereafter.Backwardness was no longer revolutionary,but realistic and everyday.

关 键 词：改造落后 革命补课 组织整顿 生产扶助 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] D232[历史地理—中国史]