都城化的先声?——东魏北齐的墓葬分布与社会变迁  

The Prelude of Capitalization?-Distribution of Tombs and Social Changes in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties

作　　者：范兆飞 Fan Zhaofei

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第6期66-82,163,164,共19页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉魏南北朝墓志笺证”(17BZS041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：墓葬是墓主生前权力的延续和反映。南北朝自然也不例外。东魏北齐虽然是“邺城-晋阳”二元政治格局,但时人墓葬分布以邺城为主,晋阳为数甚少。绝大多数胡汉权贵葬于邺城,少数与高齐政权具有姻亲关系的勋贵家族则葬于晋阳。邺城墓域以漳河为界,漳北墓域以元魏宗陵和高齐宗陵为主,其中混杂着部分勋贵的墓葬;目前已发现的漳南墓域以固岸墓域为主,各色人等埋葬于斯。墓葬位置与邺城的远近,与埋葬时间的先后并无必然关系。碑志资料呈现的文本墓域,与考古发掘的现实墓域未必重合,甚至冲突。北朝墓葬排列并未形成整齐划一的昭穆原则,异辈之间通常前后排列,也有一字排开或斜向分布的情况。除此之外,仍有部分汉人高门———以河北大族为主———选择归葬乡里,延续魏晋特别是北魏以降还葬乡里的旧传统。大族归葬本籍,并非全然归葬次级郡望,不同房支的墓葬分布具有分散化的倾向。一流高门几乎都存在这样的情况。整体而言,魏齐墓葬呈现出强烈的都城化倾向,由此拉开隋唐时期高门大族中央化与城市化的历史大幕。Tombs are the continuation and reflection of the power of tomb owners during their lifetime.The Northern and Southern dynasties were no exception.Although there was a dual political structure of Ye City and Jinyang during the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties,the distribution of tombs during that time was mainly in Ye City,while very few in Jinyang.The vast majority of non-Chinese and Chinese aristocrats were buried in Ye City,while a few dignitary's families with kinship ties to the Gao Qi regime were buried in Jinyang.The tomb area of Yecheng was bounded by the Zhanghe River,while the tomb area to the north of Zhanghe River was mainly composed of the imperial family tombs of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the imperial family tombs of the Northern Qi,mixed with some noble tombs.The discovered tombs in the south of Zhanghe River were mainly in the Gu'an tomb zone,where various people were buried.The location of the tomb was not necessarily related to the distance from Ye City or the order of burial time.The textual tomb area presented in the epitaphs may not necessarily coincide with or even conflict with the actual tomb area excavated by archaeologists.The arrangement of tombs in the Northern Dynasties did not follow the uniform order of lineage,different generations were usually arranged in a front to back manner,and there were also cases where they were arranged in a straight line or diagonally distributed.In addition,there were still some Chinese aristocratic families,mainly from Hebei district,who wanted to return to his home after he died,continuing the old tradition of returning to their hometowns during the Wei and Jin dynasties,especially since the Northern Wei dynasty.The burial of aristocratic clans in their hometowns were not entirely buried in sub-choronyms,and the distribution of tombs of different branches tended to be scattered.Almost all top aristocratic clans had such a situation.Overall,the tombs of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties showed a strong tendency towards capitalization,which

关 键 词：东魏北齐 墓葬 社会变迁 胡汉贵族 都城化 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K878.8[政治法律—中外政治制度] K239.22[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.24[历史地理—历史学]