祭祀、转化与死后居所:敦煌佛爷庙湾西晋画像砖墓的礼仪空间塑造  

Sacrifice,Transformation,and Postmortem Homeland:Constructing Ritual Space in Western-Jin Pictorial Tombs at Buddha Temple Bay,Dunhuang

作　　者：王方晗 Wang Fanghan

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第6期83-91,164,共10页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：山东省社科规划基金青年项目“黄河中下游地区汉代农业图像与农耕文明的美术考古研究”(22DKGJ02)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：敦煌佛爷庙湾西晋画像砖墓通过随葬品、图像与墓葬建筑的互动,在墓室内营造了多层次的礼仪空间。墓室由帷帐图像、实物帷帐和供台构成灵魂所居的灵座,与祭奠所用的饮食器具界定了祭祀之处。棺床顶部放置的一系列随葬品与先秦礼书中记载的丧礼器物有密切联系,意在完成死后从尸身向魂魄的转变。墓室内纳粮收租主题的画像砖、庖厨空间和木俑构成食物充足、仆俑满屋的理想世界,为墓主塑造了死后的永恒居所。佛爷庙湾西晋画像砖墓礼仪空间的呈现方式承袭先秦两汉传统并带有地域特点,是汉晋中原移民在敦煌当地发展的结果,体现出多重丧葬观念的融合。The pictorial tombs at Buddha Temple Bay in Dunhuang dated to the Western Jin period,demonstrates a multi-layered ritual space through the interaction of funerary assemblage,image and space.The burial chamber was firstly designed as a space for sacrifice,mainly expressed by a set of offering vessels and the spirit seat,which was shaped by curtains,the depiction of curtains and an altar.Secondly,a set of burial goods placed on top of the coffins was supposed to facilitate a postmortem transformation to the afterlife by following the vessels used in funerals as recorded in pre-imperial ritual texts.The tomb was also constructed as an eternal homeland with ample food and servants,which was achieved by the depictions of grain-collection scenes,cooking space and figurines of servants.Through the reconstruction of ritual space in these tombs,this study also reveals that during Western Jin,Dunhuang followed the funerary practices and beliefs of the pre-imperial and Qin-Han periods,but with local features and modifications.It was associated with the regional context of Dunhuang that embraced large numbers of immigrants from the Central Plains.

关 键 词：礼仪空间 丧葬礼俗 敦煌佛爷庙湾 画像砖墓 敦煌社会 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K237.1[历史地理—历史学] B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]