旅游干扰对九龙山国家森林公园植被及土壤微生态环境的影响  

Impact of Tourism Disturbance on Vegetation and Soil Microecological Environment of Jiulongshan Park

作　　者：张丽娜[1] 管婧婧 ZHANG Lina;GUAN Jingjing(School of Tourism and Public Administration,Huzhou Vocational&Technical College,Huzhou Zhejiang 313000,China;School of Tourism&Urban-Rural Planning,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州职业技术学院旅游管理学院,浙江湖州313000 [2]浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第12期117-126,共10页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72074194)。

摘　　要：为了明确旅游干扰对森林公园植被及土壤微生态环境的影响,以浙江九龙山国家森林公园为研究对象,分析不同旅游干扰强度对植被多样性、土壤理化性状、土壤酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,随着旅游干扰强度增强,九龙山国家森林公园植被覆盖度、枯落物厚度、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数均逐渐降低.其中,重度干扰区较未干扰区(CK)分别降低72.00%、89.47%、63.79%、73.81%和55.65%(p<0.05).在土壤理化性质影响方面,旅游干扰区明显大于未干扰区(CK).在重度干扰区内土壤含水量、电导率、有机质、全氮含量、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、尿酶和过氧化氢酶活性均呈明显下降的趋势,降低量依次为24.76%、31.28%、44.09%、43.62%、52.49%、50.58%、65.29%和57.36%(p<0.05),而土壤容质量和全钾含量则分别显著提升了37.66%和61.26%(p<0.05);随着旅游干扰强度增强,土壤微生物总量、细菌和放线菌数量逐渐降低,真菌数量则逐渐上升,土壤逐渐由“细菌型”向“真菌型”转化;土壤中纤毛亚门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、接合菌门、浮霉菌门以及疣微菌门的相对丰度不断提升,但是酸杆菌门、担子菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、壶菌门以及子囊菌门的相对丰度不断下降;细菌群中青霉属、消化螺菌属、被孢霉属、链球菌属、镰刀菌属、普氏菌属、假霉样真菌属以及柠檬酸杆菌属的相对丰度不断提升,但是链孢菌属、支顶孢属、红游动菌属、柄孢壳属、韦荣球菌属、绿僵菌属以及韦荣球菌属的相对丰度不断下降.In order to clarify the impact of tourism disturbance on vegetation and soil microecological environment of forest parks,the Jiulongshan Park in Zhejiang Province was used as experimental object,and the impact of tourism disturbance on vegetation diversity,soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activity and soil microbial community structure were analyzed.The results showed that the vegetation coverage,litter thickness,richness index,evenness index and diversity index of Jiulongshan National Forest Park gradually decreased with the increase of tourism disturbance intensity,among which,the heavily interference region decreased by 72.00%,89.47%,63.79%,73.81%and 55.65%,respectively compared to the non-disturbance area(CK)(p<0.05).Tourism disturbance had a serious effect on soil physicochemical properties.Compared with CK,soil water content,electrical conductivity,organic matter,total nitrogen,activities of sucrase,phosphatase,urease and catalase were significantly reduced by 24.76%,31.28%,44.09%,43.62%,52.49%,50.58%,65.29%and 57.36%,respectively in the heavily disturbed area(p<0.05),while soil bulk weight and total potassium content were significantly increased by 37.66%and 61.26%(p<0.05),respectively.The total amount of soil microorganisms,bacteria and actinomycetes significantly decreased,while the number of fungi gradually increased with the increase of tourism disturbance intensity,and the soil gradually transformed from‘bacterial type’to‘fungal type’.With the increase of tourism disturbance intensity,the relative abundance of Ciliophora,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Zygomycota,Blastocladiomycota and Verrucomicrobia significantly increased,while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Basidiomycota,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chytridiomycota and Ascomycota significantly decreased.With the increase of tourism disturbance intensity,the relative abundance of Penicillium,Digestibacter,Myrothecium,Streptococcus,Fusarium,Prevotella,Pseudomonas and Citrobacter significantly increased,while the relative

关 键 词：旅游干扰 九龙山国家森林公园 理化性状 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]