不同旅游开发模式下山区农户生计韧性的差异研究——以恩施州18个旅游村为例  

A Study on the Differences in Livelihood Resilience of Mountainous Farming Households under Different Tourism Development Modes:A Case Study of 18 Tourism Villages in Enshi Prefecture

作　　者：谢双玉[1,2] 聂黎莎 田文利 乔花芳 XIE Shuangyu;NIE Lisha;TIAN Wenli;QIAO Huafang(School of Urban and Environmental Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan Hubei 430079,China;Wuhan Branch of China Tourism Academy,Wuhan Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]中国旅游研究院武汉分院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《生态经济》2024年第12期146-153,共8页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“鄂西山区旅游地农户生计脆弱性引致返贫的风险评估及预警机制研究”(42001172)。

摘　　要：探究山区旅游地不同开发模式村农户生计韧性的差异并解释其原因利于该地区农户生计的可持续。以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州18个旅游村为例,运用方差分析比较不同开发模式村农户生计韧性的差异,并用访谈文本及已有理论基础解释差异产生的原因。结果表明:(1)优势景区依托型村农户的数量占比最高,民宿农家乐依托型村农户的数量占比略低于前者,民族文化依托型和生态农业依托型村农户的数量占比远远低于前两类。区位和民宿产业成为现阶段恩施州开发旅游所依赖的主要要素。(2)恩施州不同开发模式村农户的生计韧性及缓冲能力差异显著,但自组织能力和学习能力并无显著差异。其中,民宿农家乐依托型村农户的生计韧性均值(0.30)及缓冲能力均值(0.34)显著高于其他模式村。文化依托型村农户的生计韧性均值(0.26)及缓冲能力均值(0.27)显著低于其他模式村。(3)不同模式村依托的核心资源不同、农户旅游参与程度不同、所处的旅游发展阶段不同分别是造成其农户生计韧性差异的根本原因、直接原因和间接原因。基于此,针对不同模式村农户生计韧性的提升提供相关发展建议。To explore the difference of farmers’ livelihood resilience in different development modes of mountain tourism destinations and explain its reasons are conducive to the sustainable livelihood of farmers in this region.Taking 18 tourism villages in Enshi Prefecture as examples,the article utilizes ANOVA to compare the differences in the famers’ livelihood resilience in villages with different development modes,and explains the reasons for the differences with interview texts and existing theoretical foundations.The results show that:(1) The number of dominant scenic area-dependent village households is the highest,the number of B&B-dependent village households is slightly lower than that of the former,and the number of culture-dependent and eco-agriculture-dependent village households is much lower than that of the former two categories.Location and homestay industry have become the main elements relied on to develop tourism in Enshi Prefecture at this stage.(2) The livelihood resilience and buffering capacity of farmers in villages with different development modes in Enshi Prefecture differ significantly,but there is no significant difference in self-organization capacity and learning capacity.Among them,the mean value of farmers’ livelihood resilience in B&B-dependent villages is 0.30 and the mean value of buffering capacity in B&B-dependent villages is 0.34,which are significantly higher than those in other model villages.The mean value of farmers’ livelihood resilience in culture-dependent villages is 0.26 and the mean value of buffering capacity in culture-dependent villages is 0.27,which are significantly lower than those in other model villages.(3) The different core resources that different model villages rely on,the different levels of tourism participation by farm households,and the different stages of tourism development they are in are the underlying,direct,and indirect causes of the differences in the resilience of the livelihoods of their farm households,respectively.Based on this,appropriate

关 键 词：旅游开发模式 山区 农户生计韧性 恩施州 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F592.7F323.8