辽宁省水稻优质育种现状分析  

Analysis on the Current Situation of High-quality Rice Breeding in Liaoning Province

作　　者：张悦 吕军 于永梅 李建国 姜秀英 ZHANG Yue;LV Jun;YU Yong-mei;LI Jian-guo;JIANG Xiu-ying(Liaoning Rice Research Institute,Shenyang 110101,China;Huanren Manchu Autonomous County Agricultural Service Center,Benxi Liaoning 117200,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省水稻研究所,沈阳110101 [2]桓仁满族自治县农业综合服务中心,辽宁本溪117200

出　　处：《北方水稻》2024年第6期1-4,14,共5页NORTHERN RICE

基　　金：辽宁中晚熟稻区适合轻简高效栽培的常规粳稻新品种培育,2022JH1/10200003;2024年辽宁省水稻品种区域试验及生产试验,SDS-QS-2024-1。

摘　　要：以2023年辽宁省水稻区域试验参试的97个品种为材料,对优质育种现状进行分析。辽宁省新育成的水稻品种以常规粳稻为主,占比88.7%,杂交粳稻仅占11.3%。香、软等特殊类型品种占比19.6%,特种稻育种取得较大进展。粒型仍以短粒型为主,占比72.6%,与以往相比,短粒型品种数量占比下降,增加了中粒型及少量长粒型品种,育种粒型由短粒向中、长粒方向发展。品种间差异较大的品质性状是以垩白度、垩白粒率为代表的外观品质,差异较小的是以糙米率和精米率为代表的加工品质。粒型与加工品质关系密切,粒长、长宽比增加,加工品质极显著降低。外观品质对整精米率有较大影响,随粒型变长、垩白增加、透明度下降,整精米率极显著下降。降低垩白性状,既可以使外观品质变优,同时可以有效地提升加工品质。品种优质达标率65.3%,垩白性状是限制辽宁省水稻品质提升的主要因素,水稻优质育种应着重改良稻米垩白性状。The present situation of high-quality rice breeding was analyzed with 97 rice varieties tested in the regional trial of rice in 2023 in Liaoning Province,conventional japonica rice accounted for 88.7%,and hybrid japonica rice accounted for 11.3%.The proportion of special type varieties such as fragrant and soft varietieswas 19.6%,and great progress was made in special rice breeding.The grain type is still mainly short-grained,accounting for 72.6%.Compared with the past,the proportion of short-grain varieties decreased,and medium-grain and a few long-grain varieties increased.The breeding grain type developed from short-grain to medium-long-grain.The appearance quality represented by chalkiness degree and chalkiness grain rate was the most significant character among varieties,while the processing quality represented by brown rice rate and milled rice rate was the least.The grain size is closely related to the processing quality,and the increase of the grain length and the ratio of length to width results in a significant decrease of the processing quality.Appearance quality has a great effect on head milled rice rate,and the head milled rice rate decreases significantly with the increase of grain length,chalkiness and transparency.Reducing chalkiness can not only improve the appearance of varieties,but also improve the processing quality.The rate of reaching the standard of good quality was 65.3%.Chalkiness was the main factor limiting the improvement of rice quality in Liaoning province.High-quality rice breeding should focus on improving the chalky trait of rice.

关 键 词：辽宁 水稻 区域试验 品质性状 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]