不同氮肥用量对湖北贝母氮磷钾吸收及生物碱积累的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption and alkaloid accumulation in Fritillaria hupehensis

作　　者：姜利 郭坤元[2] 陈钢 程维舜 罗茜 王素萍 黄翔 杜雷 张贵友 洪娟 JIANG Li;GUO Kunyuan;CHEN Gang;CHENG Weishun;LUO Xi;WANG Suping;HUANG Xiang;DU Lei;ZHANG Guiyou;HONG Juan(Institute of Environment and Safety,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Enshi 455000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院环境与安全研究所,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第6期1242-1251,共10页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA059);湖北省农业科技创新中心2020年重大科技研发专项(2020-620-000-002-04);武汉市农科院2024年创新项目(XKCX202407-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis鳞茎中氮、磷、钾质量分数及积累量的年变化规律,探讨不同氮肥用量对湖北贝母干物质及各生物碱积累的影响,为湖北贝母合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以湖北省恩施市新塘乡境内种植的湖北贝母为材料,在磷肥(五氧化二磷)、钾肥(氧化钾)用量均为102.4和86.4 kg·hm^(−2)的条件下,设置4个氮肥处理:不施氮肥(N0)、氮肥用量为58.0 kg·hm^(−2)(N1)、氮肥用量为116.0 kg·hm^(−2)(N2)、氮肥用量为174.0 kg·hm^(−2)(N3),分别于苗期、花期、收获期取样,测定不同生育期湖北贝母鳞茎中氮、磷、钾及各生物碱质量分数。【结果】随氮肥用量增加,单株湖北贝母鳞茎的干物质,鳞茎中氮、磷、钾及总生物碱,贝母素甲,贝母素乙,湖贝甲素,贝母辛的积累量显著增加(P<0.05),且均在氮肥用量为116.0 kg·hm^(−2)时达到峰值。随氮肥用量增加,湖北贝母苗期鳞茎中钾磷比小于3.4,花期及收获期贝母鳞茎中钾磷比均大于3.4;整个生育期内湖北贝母鳞茎中氮磷比小于14.0,氮钾比小于2.1。苗期及收获期,湖北贝母鳞茎中总生物碱、贝母素甲、贝母素乙、湖贝甲素质量分数均随氮肥用量增加而降低;花期湖北贝母鳞茎中贝母素甲、贝母素乙、贝母辛质量分数随氮肥用量增加呈上升趋势。氮肥用量为116.0 kg·hm^(−2)时,湖北贝母鳞茎中总生物碱、贝母素甲、贝母素乙、湖贝甲素、贝母辛积累量的峰值分别为56.50、4.20、12.73、1.66、3.68 mg·株−1。相同氮肥用量时,随生育期延长,除贝母辛外,其余各生物碱质量分数均为收获期最高,花期最低。氮肥用量为116.0 kg·hm^(−2)时,花期至收获期鳞茎中贝母素甲、贝母素乙、贝母辛的积累速率降低。苗期至花期,湖北贝母鳞茎的干物质积累速率较快,花期至收获期鳞茎中总生物碱的积累能力较强。【结论】氮肥用量对湖北�[Objective]This study aims to analyze the annual variation of the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in Fritillaria hupehensis bulbs,and explore the impacts of different nitrogen dosages on the accumulation of dry matter and alkaloids of F.hupehensis,so as to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of F.hupehensis.[Method]F.hupehensis obtained from Xintang township,Enshi City,Hubei Province was used as the material.Under the conditions of 102.4 kg·hm^(−2)phosphorus pentoxide and 86.4 kg·hm^(−2)potassium oxide for both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,4 nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),58.0 kg·hm^(−2)nitrogen fertilizer(N1),116.0 kg·hm^(−2)nitrogen fertilizer(N2),and 174.0 kg·hm^(−2)nitrogen fertilizer(N3).Samples were collected at seedling,flowering and harvest stages to determine the concentration of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and various alkaloids in the bulbs of F.hupehensis at different growth stages.[Result]The accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,total alkaloid,verticine,verticinone,peimissine and hupehenine in F.hupehensis bulbs significantly increased with increasing nitrogen application(P<0.05),and all reached their peak at a nitrogen fertilizer application of 116.0 kg·hm^(−2).With the increase of nitrogen application,potassium to phosphorus ratio in F.hupehensis bulbs was less than 3.4 at seedling stage,while that during the flowering and harvesting periods was more than 3.4.Throughout the entire growth period,nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in F.hupehensis bulbs was less than 14.0,and nitrogen to potassium ratio was less than 2.1.During the seedling and harvest stages,the concentration of total alkaloid,verticine,verticinone,and hupehenine in F.hupehensis bulbs all decreased with increasing nitrogen application.During the flowering period,the concentration of verticine,verticinone and peimissine in F.hupehensis bulbs showed an increasing trend with the increase in nitrogen applica

关 键 词：湖北贝母 氮肥 生育期 氮磷钾 生物碱 

分 类 号：S567.231[农业科学—中草药栽培]