不同种植密度和施肥处理下优势杂草对小麦生长特征的影响  

Effect of dominant weeds on wheat growth characteristics under different planting densities and fertilization treatments

作　　者：戎逸忠 高俊杰 程澍时 张震[1] 张莉[2] RONG Yizhong;GAO Junjie;CHENG Shushi;ZHANG Zhen;ZHANG Li(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Bamboo Research Institute,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心/竹类研究所,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第6期1252-1260,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32101260)。

摘　　要：【目的】明晰种植密度、施肥以及杂草对小麦Triticum aestivum生长的影响,可为麦田管理提供科学参考。【方法】选取小麦及小麦田优势杂草野燕麦Avena fatua和稗草Echinochloa crus-galli为研究对象,设置不同种植密度(4、8、12和16株·盆^(−1))、不同种植比例(小麦与杂草种植比例为25%∶75%、50%∶50%、75%∶25%、100%∶0)和施肥的盆栽控制试验,研究不同处理下小麦生物量、株高、叶片和根性状的变化。【结果】①无论在单播还是混播条件下,随着种植密度和小麦种植比例的增大,单株小麦的生物量显著减小(P<0.05),即存在着负密度制约效应;②在单播条件下,施肥显著增大了单株小麦的生物量和叶面积(P<0.05);在混播条件下,施肥有增加单株小麦生物量、根长和根表面积的趋势,且该结果不具有杂草依赖性;③种植密度、比例和施肥的交互作用主要影响小麦根长和根表面积,而对其余性状作用较小。【结论】在单播系统中施肥提高了小麦的地上性状,而在混播系统中施肥则促进了小麦地下性状的增长;不论是单播还是混播,种植密度对小麦的负面密度依赖效应均一致。表明农田管理策略的成效受到与杂草共存关系的影响。[Objective]This study,with an investigation of the effects of planting density,fertilization,and neighboring weed species identity on wheat growth,is aimed to provide scientific guidance for wheat cultivation.[Method]With wheat(Triticum aestivum)and two dominant weed species[wild oat(Avena fatua)and barnyard grass(Echinochloa crus-galli)]selected as target species,a competition experiment was conducted between pairs of wheat and weeds,by setting four planting densities(4,8,12 and 16 plants·pot−1),four wheatweed planting ratios(25%∶75%,50%∶50%,75%∶25%and 100%∶0),as well as with or without nitrogen addition.After growing for about six months,the total biomass,plant height,leaf and root functional traits of wheat were measured.[Result](1)In monoculture or mixtures with weed species,individual wheat’s biomass decreased with the increase of planting density and the proportion of wheat(P<0.05)(i.e.,the occurrence of negative density dependence).(2)For individual wheat plants grown in monoculture,fertilization significantly increased their biomass and leaf area(P<0.05)while for those grown in mixture with wild oats or barnyard grass,fertilization had the trend to increase the biomass,root length and root surface area,which did not depend on weed species identity.(3)The interaction effects of planting density,proportion,and fertilization significantly affected wheat root length and area,but demonstrated no effects on other traits.[Conclusion]Fertilization enhanced wheat’s aboveground traits in monoculture and belowground traits in mixed cropping,with consistent negative density dependence in both systems.This indicates that agricultural management outcomes are influenced by weed interactions.

关 键 词：作物-杂草竞争 物种共存理论 杂草管理 性状 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]