荫蔽环境下植物生理形态及光响应机制研究进展  

Research progress on plant physiological morphology and light response mechanism in shaded environments

作　　者：刘佩 邬玉芬 王肖峰 吴文汇 高燕会[1] 陈东红 斯金平[1] 李聪[1] LIU Pei;WU Yufen;WANG Xiaofeng;WU Wenhui;GAO Yanhui;CHEN Donghong;SI Jinping;LI Cong(Dendrobium Catenatum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Forestry Technology Promotion Station of Ninghai County,Ningbo 315600,Zhejiang,China;Ningbo Liyang Wine Industry Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315600,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室国家林业和草原局铁皮石斛工程技术研究中心,浙江杭州311300 [2]宁海县林特技术推广站,浙江宁波315600 [3]宁波力洋酒业有限公司,浙江宁波315600

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第6期1313-1322,共10页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目“尖兵计划”(2022C02009);宁波市重点技术研发项目(2023Z119,2022Z174)。

摘　　要：光照是影响植物生长发育的重要环境因素之一。在农业生产中利用提高作物光合效率来提升其产量与品质具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。在密集的植物群落中,由于上层植被的遮盖,下层植物所获得的光能较少,所以下层植物需要竞争更多光能来维持生长。植物有2种对策获取更多光能,即避荫反应和耐荫反应。目前,对避荫反应的研究较为透彻,但对耐荫反应还缺乏深入研究。综述了荫蔽环境下阳生植物通过伸长下胚轴、叶柄与茎等生理形态改变来适应较低光照水平,同时阴生植物通过展现出促进碳的获得能力、具有较低的表型可塑性和提高对胁迫的抗逆能力等耐荫特征来应对有限的光照条件。结合阳生植物通过激素与光信号通路相互作用来响应弱光环境的避荫反应机制,探讨了在荫蔽环境下阴生植物一方面通过激活拮抗因子抑制避荫反应,另一方面通过提高耐荫反应基因转录活性来增强弱光适应性的耐荫反应机制,为不同植物响应弱光环境机制的研究提供参考,同时为提高植物光能利用效率、培育高光效优良作物品种及构建高效森林生态系统提供有效途径。Light is a crucial environmental factor affecting plant growth and development.It is of great scientific significance and application value to enhance plant yield and quality in agricultural production by improving its photosynthetic efficiency.In dense plant communities,lower plants receive less light energy due to the coverage of upper vegetation,so lower plants need to compete for more light energy to maintain growth.Plants have two strategies to obtain more light energy:shade avoidance syndrome(SAS)and shade tolerance response(STR).Research on SAS is relatively thorough,but there is a lack of in-depth research on STR.This paper provides an overview of how sunny plants adapt to lower light level by extending hypocotyl,petioles,stems and other physiological morphological changes in shaded environments.At the same time,shade tolerant plants respond to limited light conditions by exhibiting shade resistance characteristics such as promoting carbon acquisition,low phenotypic plasticity ability and improving stress resistance.Combined with the mechanism of shade avoidance response of sunny plants in response to low light environment through the interaction between hormones and light signaling pathways,the shade tolerance response mechanism of shade tolerant plants in shaded environments is studied,which involves both activating antagonistic factors to inhibit shade avoidance syndrome and improving the transcription activity of shade tolerance response genes to enhance low light adaptability.This review provides reference for research on the mechanism of different plants responding to low light environments,and proposes effective ways to improve the efficiency of plant light energy utilization,cultivate crop varieties with high light efficiency,and construct efficient forest ecosystems.

关 键 词：荫蔽环境 耐荫反应 避荫反应 植物激素 光信号通路 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]