2005—2023年河南省濮阳市麻疹流行特征  

Epidemiologic features of measles in Puyang of Henan from 2005 to 2023

作　　者：邓永村[1] 焦雪成[1] 运玉霞[1] 隋煜 林运欣 李昂 DENG Yongcun;JIAO Xuecheng;YUN Yuxia;SUI Yu;LIN Yunxin;LI Ang(Puyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Puyang,Henan 457000,China)

机构地区：[1]濮阳市疾病预防控制中心,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2024年第11期827-832,共6页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的分析河南省濮阳市麻疹流行特征,探讨消除麻疹的措施。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析濮阳市麻疹流行病学特征、含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)常规疫苗接种率及调查接种率、麻疹监测系统运转情况。结果2005—2023年濮阳市共报告麻疹病例1911例,年均发病率为2.75/10万。2005—2010年,发病率波动在1.54/10万~14.02/10万;2011—2016年波动在0.03/10万~1.82/10万;2017—2023年发病率均低于0.1/10万,且2019—2022年无病例报告。发病率总体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=2676.08,P<0.05)。1—6月累计报告1651例,占86.39%,其中4月占24.33%。病例数居前3位的依次为濮阳县569例(29.77%)、清丰县375例(19.62%)和华龙区368例(19.26%)。8月龄至<7岁病例较多,共923例(48.30%)。在>8月龄的1739名病例中,MCV免疫史来源“接种证/信息系统”共440例(25.30%)。MCV常规疫苗报告接种率和调查接种率逐年提升且二者差值逐渐缩小。结论2005—2023濮阳市麻疹发病率呈下降趋势,自2017年起,麻疹发病率控制在0.1/10万以下,且无本土麻疹病毒传播。但仍需持续维持高水平适龄儿童MCV接种率和对重点人群开展查漏补种工作,进一步提升麻疹监测的敏感性。Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of measles in Puyang of Henan and explore effective strategies for its elimination.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on measles cases in Puyang,focusing on routine vaccination and supplementary vaccination rates of measles-containing vaccines(MCV)and the efficiency of the measles surveillance system.Results A total of 1911 measles cases were reported in Puyang from 2005 to 2023,averaging an annual incidence rate of 2.75/100000.The incidence rates varied significantly,with peaks from 2005 to 2010(1.54/100000 to 14.02/100000)andasubsequently declined from 2011 to 2016(0.03/100000 to 1.82/100000).The incidence rate was under 0.1/100000 from 2017 to 2023 with no cases reported between 2019 to 2022.The overall downward trend in measles incidence was statistically significant(χ2 trend=2676.08,P<0.05).The majority of cases(1651,86.39%)were reported between January to June,peaking in April(24.33%).The top three counties in terms of the number of cases were Puyang County(569 cases,29.77%),Qingfeng County(375 cases,19.62%),and Hualong District(368 cases,19.26%).The disease predominantly affected children aged 8 months to<7 years(923 cases,48.30%).In the group of 1739 cases aged 8 months and above,440 cases(25.30%)had documented MCV immunization.Vaccination rates for MCV have been progressively increasing,with the gap between reported and survey rates diminishing.Conclusions Measles incidence in Puyang has significantly decreased from 2005 to 2023.The incidence rate has remained below the threshold of 0.1/100000,with no local transmission reported since 2017.However,sustained vigilance is required to maintain high MCV vaccination coverage among eligible children,ensure targeted vaccination campaigns for key groups,and enhance the sensitivity of measles surveillance system.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行特征 消除麻疹 防控措施 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]