北京市丰台区学龄儿童营养素养、家庭食物环境与膳食模式的影响因素分析研究  

Influencing factors on nutritional literacy,family food environment,and dietary patterns among school-age children in Fengtai District,Beijing

作　　者：梁思雨 李文佳 赵敬敬 吴洪静 李洁 LIANG Si-yu;LI Wen-jia;ZHAO Jing-jing;WU Hong-jing;LI Jie(School of Public Health,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学公共卫生学院,河北石家庄050000 [2]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100000

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2024年第11期1017-1021,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的了解该学龄儿童家庭食物环境,分析膳食模式与营养素养、家庭食物环境的关系,验证膳食模式在其中的相关性。为北京市进一步的营养健康教育和学龄儿童营养改善提供一定的依据和干预路径。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,通过2020年北京市学生营养素养调查问卷,调查丰台区3~12年级的学生和照护者,共629人。结果经因子分析得到3种膳食模式,分别为粗粮鱼豆菌藻膳食模式、蔬果奶类膳食模式和速食食品膳食模式。不同人口学特征的学龄儿童的营养素养和家庭食物环境得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示:3种膳食模式与营养素养和家庭食物环境的差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。学生的营养素养和家庭食物环境是膳食模式选择的影响因素。其中,营养素养(OR=1.026,95%CI:0.011~0.042)、家庭食物环境(OR=1.021,95%CI:0.003~0.039)对粗粮鱼豆菌藻膳食模式的选择产生消极影响;营养素养(OR=1.048,95%CI:0.031~0.063)、家庭食物环境(OR=1.035,95%CI:0.016~0.052)对蔬果奶类膳食模式的选择产生消极影响;营养素养(OR=0.956,95%CI:-0.061~-0.029)、家庭食物环境(OR=0.971,95%CI:-0.047~-0.010)对速食食品膳食模式的选择产生积极影响。结论营养素养水平和家庭食物环境健康率越高的越不倾向于选择粗粮鱼豆菌藻膳食模式和蔬果奶类膳食模式,而越倾向于选择速食食品膳食模式。因此,针对学龄儿童不同的饮食和心理特点,应积极开展营养健康教育活动,调整健康的膳食模式结构,培养儿童的均衡营养知识。Objective To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns,nutritional literacy,and family food environment,verify the correlation between dietary patterns,and to provide certain basis and intervention path for further nutritional health education and nutritional improvement of school-age children in Beijing.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate 629 students and their caregivers from Grade 3~(rd)to 12~(th)in Fengtai District of Beijing,and the 2020 Beijing Student Nutrition Literacy Survey Questionnaire was used.Results Three dietary patterns were established by factor analysis:dietary pattern of coarse grain,fish,beans,fungi and algae;dietary pattern of fruit,vegetable and milk;and dietary pattern of fast food.There were differences in nutritional literacy and family food environment scores among school-age children with different demographic characteristics(P<0.001).Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences among the three dietary patterns,nutritional literacy,and family food environment(all P<0.05).The nutritional literacy of students and the family food environment were the influencing factors of dietary pattern selection.Among them,nutritional literacy(OR=1.026,95%CI:0.011-0.042)and household food environment(OR=1.021,95%CI:0.003-0.039)had negative impact on dietary pattern of coarse grain,fish,beans,fungi and algae selection.Nutritional literacy(OR=1.048,95%CI:0.031-0.063)and household food environment(OR=1.035,95%CI:0.016-0.052)had negative impact on choice of dietary pattern of fruit,vegetable and milk.Nutritional literacy(OR=0.956,95%CI:-0.061--0.029)and household food environment(OR=0.971,95%CI:-0.047--0.010)had positive impact on the choice of dietary pattern of fast food.Conclusion The higher the level of nutritional literacy and the health rate of family food environment,the less likelihood they choose the dietary pattern of coarse grain,fish,beans,fungi and algae and the dietary pattern of frui

关 键 词：学龄儿童 营养素养 家庭食物环境 膳食模式 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]