核壳结构Al/B/Fe_(2)O_(3)铝热剂的制备及点火性能研究  

Preparation and ignition performance of Al/B/Fe_(2)O_(3) thermite withcore-shell structure

作　　者：谢强[1] 李慧[1] 刘磊[1] 杨永福 王猛[1] 邹宗山 王光兵 王基禹 XIE Qiang;LI Hui;LIU Lei;YANG Yongfu;WANG Meng;ZOU Zongshan;WANG Guangbing;WANG Jiyu(School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Anhui Huainan 232001,China;Poly Explosive Hami Co.Ltd.,Xinjiang 839200,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]保利民爆哈密有限公司,新疆839200

出　　处：《功能材料》2024年第11期11196-11202,共7页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目基金(2022AH050842);安徽理工大学青年教师科学研究基金军工专项(JGZX2022-01);安徽理工大学高层次引进人才科研启动基金(2021yjrc08)。

摘　　要：铝热剂,是一类富有前景的复合含能材料。其组分为由金属铝和金属氧化物或非金属氧化物经复合处理得到的金属基反应体系。为提升铝热剂的点火性能,通过表面功能化技术制备Al/B复合物,纳米铝粉与氧化剂提前反应,释放大量热量,为B粒子发火提供能量,同时作为第二能源提升所制得的核壳式铝热剂的反应速率和反应活性。基于此,采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备Al/B/Fe_(2)O_(3)核壳式铝热剂。对样品的形貌和结构进行表征,此外,对铝热剂进行点火性能测试与点火模拟实验。结果表明:组分配比为Fe_(2)O_(3)占比65%、粘合剂5%、Al/B复合物占比30%的铝热剂最小发火能量为389.04 J/g,其燃烧最高温度为950.9℃且能成功引爆废弃生物质基破岩型燃烧剂。Thermite is a promising energetic composite material.Its composition is a metal-based reaction system obtained by composite treatment of metal aluminum and metal oxide or non-metallic oxide.In order to improve the ignition and combustion performance of thermite,we prepared Al/B complex by surface functionalization technology.Nano-aluminum powder reacts with oxidizer in advance to release a lot of heat and provide energy for the combustion of B particles.At the same time,the reaction rate and reactivity of thermite prepared are improved as the second energy.Based on this,Al/B/Fe_(2)O_(3) core-shell thermite was prepared by emulsion solvent volatilization method.Characterization of the morphology and structure of the samples,in addition,ignition performance tests and ignition simulation experiments were carried out on the thermite.The results showed that the minimum ignition energy of the aluminum thermite with the composition ratio of 65%Fe_(2)O_(3),5%binder,and 30%Al/B complex was 389.04 J/g,and the maximum temperature of incendiary agent was 950.9℃,which was able to detonate the rock-breaking incendiary agent based waste biomass successfully.

关 键 词：铝热剂 核壳式结构 表面功能化 形貌结构 点火性能 

分 类 号：TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工]