反应溶剂极性对酚醛气凝胶微观结构的影响研究  

Study on the Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Microstructure of Phenolic Aerogel

作　　者：张世忠 贺丽娟 孔得力 刘圆圆 王孟 刘韬 张晚林 黄红岩 李文静[1] ZHANG Shi-zhong;HE Li-juan;KONG De-li;LIU Yuan-yuan;WANG Meng;LIU Tao;ZHANG Wan-lin;HUANG Hong-yan;LI Wen-jing(Research Institute of Aerospace Special Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100074,China;Sixth Military Representative Office of Rocket Force Armament Department,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所,北京100074 [2]火箭军装备部驻北京地区第六军事代表室,北京100000

出　　处：《高分子通报》2024年第11期1620-1627,共8页Polymer Bulletin

摘　　要：酚醛气凝胶形成的关键之一在于溶液的聚合诱导相分离反应过程中溶胶凝胶的转变,反应溶剂极性对溶胶凝胶转变具有重要影响。为研究反应溶剂极性对酚醛溶胶凝胶过程及其气凝胶结构的影响,选取正戊醇、乙醇和乙二醇三种不同极性的醇类溶剂作为反应溶剂,采用常压干燥和超临界干燥两种方式,制备出不同孔结构的酚醛气凝胶,通过扫描电镜等详细研究了气凝胶结构。结果表明,以正戊醇为反应溶剂制备的酚醛湿凝胶,不受干燥方式的影响,可以得到理化性质和孔结构稳定的酚醛气凝胶,高温热解以后的碳气凝胶仍不受前期干燥方式的影响。本工作通过对比研究不同极性反应溶剂和干燥方式制备的酚醛气凝胶,明确了在正戊醇溶剂中酚醛可以有效进行溶胶凝胶过程,得到颗粒堆积紧密、骨架稳定的多孔结构,避免了后期干燥方式对酚醛气凝胶理化性质和孔结构的影响。这些结果为酚醛气凝胶的规模化生产和实际应用提供了技术支撑。One of the key factors in the formation of phenolic aerogel is the sol-gel transition during the phase separation reaction induced by solution polymerization.In order to study the effect of solvent polarity on the sol-gel process and aerogel structure of phenolic resin,the phenolic aerogel with different pore structures was prepared by using ambient drying and supercritical drying.The aerogel structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and so on.The results showed that the phenolic aerogel prepared with N-pentanol as the reaction solvent was not affected by the drying method,and the phenolic aerogel with stable physicochemical properties and pore structure could be obtained.The carbon aerogel after high temperature pyrolysis was still not affected by the previous drying method.In this work,by comparing the phenolic aerogel prepared by different polar reaction solvents and drying methods,it is clear that phenolic can effectively undergo the sol-gel process in N-pentanol solvent,and obtain a porous structure with tight particle packing and stable skeleton,avoiding the influence of late drying methods on the physicochemical properties and pore structure of phenolic aerogel.These results provide technical support for the large-scale production and practical application of phenolic aerogel.

关 键 词：酚醛气凝胶 溶剂效应 溶胶凝胶 常压干燥 超临界干燥 

分 类 号：TQ427.26[化学工程]