玉米籽粒收获机喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of combined threshing and separating device for corn grain harvester

作　　者：徐路明 靳范 张俊三 阿力木·买买提吐尔逊 李谦绪 孙利峰 XU Luming;JIN Fan;ZHANG Junsan;Alimu Maimaitituerxun;LI Qianxu;SUN Lifeng(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Xinyan Moshine Science&Technolog Co.,Ltd,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆新研牧神科技有限公司,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第10期2500-2513,共14页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目“大型粮饲玉米及大豆收获关键技术研究及智能装备创制”(2022B02016)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对玉米脱粒过程中易出现脱粒空间堵塞、滚筒转不动所导致的籽粒破碎率偏高和存在夹带损失的问题,设计一种喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置。【方法】在滚筒前端的喂入口处设计喂入加速辊,分析对果穗及秸秆受力情况,确定半径为150 mm,并结合过桥输送链耙线速度和玉米脱粒速度,确定转速为430 r/min;分析滚筒工作段型式,优化设计导流罩内导流板角度为喂入段30°、脱粒段20°、分离段10°;在滚筒后端排草口处设计安装排杂抛出装置,包括排草辊和排草凹板。以滚筒转速、凹板间隙、喂入量为试验因素,同时以籽粒破碎率和未脱净率作为评价指标,设计三因素三水平田间正交试验;使用Design-Expert 12软件优化数据。【结果】在滚筒转速447.11 r/min、凹板间隙34.74 mm、喂入量16.14 kg/s,籽粒破碎率达到2.68%,未脱净率达到0.99%。【结论】在滚筒转速450 r/min、凹板间隙35 mm、喂入量16 kg/s,平均籽粒破碎率达到2.73%,平均未脱净率达到1.04%,试验结果与优化结果间相对误差在5%以内,装置设计合理,优于传统脱粒分离装置,满足脱粒标准。【Objective】Aiming at the phenomenon of high grain breaking rate and entrainment loss caused by space blockage and drum failure during corn threshing,this project intends to design a feeding and throwing combined threshing separation device.【Methods】The feeding acceleration roller was designed at the feeding entrance of the front end of the drum,and the radius was determined to be 150 mm through the stress analysis of the ears and straw,and the rotating speed was determined to be 430 r/min based on the rake line speed of the cross-bridge conveyor chain and the corn threshing speed.By analyzing the type of drum working section,the angle of the guide plate in the guide hood was optimized to be 30°in feeding section,20°in threshing section and 10°in separating section.A litter throwing device was designed and installed at the straw discharging outlet at the back end of the roller,including a straw discharging roller and a straw discharging concave plate.A three-factor and three-level field orthogonal experiment was designed with rotating speed of roller,gap of concave plate and feeding amount as experimental factors,and grain breakage rate and unstripped rate as evaluation indexes.The test results were analyzed by the trend of response surface among the factors,and the data were optimized by Design-Expert 12 software.【Results】The orthogonal test results showed that under the conditions of roller speed 447.11 r/min,concave clearance 34.74 mm and feeding amount 16.14 kg/s,the grain breakage rate reached 2.68%and the uncleaned rate reached 0.99%.【Conclusion】Field verification experiment shows that:Under the conditions of cylinder speed 450 r/min,concave clearance 35 mm and feeding amount 16 kg/s,the average grain crushing rate reaches 2.73%,the average unpeeled rate reaches 1.05%,and the relative error between the test results and the optimization results is within 5%,which has proved that the device design is reasonable,superior to the traditional threshing separation device,thus meeting the national

关 键 词：玉米 喂抛组合式 脱粒分离装置 受力分析 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]