硫化氢制氢工艺及其碳足迹评价  

H_(2)S to H_(2)production process and its carbon footprint evaluation

作　　者：伊什科夫·亚·加 罗曼诺夫·康·弗 卡洛什金·叶·亚 卢戈维许克·德·谢 加尔多宾·杰·德 米哈伊洛夫·安·米 ISHKOV AG;ROMANOV KV;KOLOSHKIN EA;LUGVISHCHUK DS;GOLDOBIN DD;MIKHAILOV AM(Gazprom,St.Petersburg 197229,Russia;Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC,St.Petersburg 195112,Russia)

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司 [2]俄罗斯天然气科学研究院有限责任公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2024年第11期170-177,共8页Natural Gas Industry

摘　　要：俄罗斯和中国拥有丰富的高含硫天然气探明储量,高含硫天然气安全高效开发过程中硫化氢气体的处理和利用也成为两国天然气行业迫切需要解决的难题。为此,在对多种具有前景的硫化氢制氢方法开展研究的基础上,对硫化氢热分解技术和硫化氢转化技术的碳足迹进行了系统的分析与评价。研究结果表明:①甲烷硫化氢催化转化制氢的碳足迹为每千克氢气产生4.65 kg的二氧化碳排放当量(CO_(2)-eq.),而在使用电网供电的条件下热平衡(电弧)等离子体裂解制氢的碳足迹为每千克氢气产生6.13 kg的二氧化碳排放当量(CO_(2)-eq.);②当使用低排放的可再生能源电力时,甲烷硫化氢转化制氢和硫化氢热分解制氢过程的温室气体排放总量分别为每千克氢产生2.05~2.33 kg和2.38~2.78 kg的二氧化碳;③当使用低碳电力来保障硫化氢制氢工艺流程的用电需求时,硫化氢制氢与电解水制氢的排放指标相近,个别情况下硫化氢制氢的温室气体排放甚至更低;④综合考虑俄罗斯制氢特点,并对氢认证领域的国际经验进行对比分析,提出了基于金砖国家的氢认证国际标准协调办法。结论认为:①硫化氢制氢工艺在高含硫气田的成功实施之后将会被复制到高含硫油田应用。中国提出的基于T/CAB 0078—2020标准的氢气认证建议是最平衡且合理的方法。②金砖国家能源气候研究平台可以作为具有前景的氢认证要求讨论平台,通过金砖五国在能源和气候研究领域的合作来确保能源的可持续发展,为推广相关工艺和技术创新发挥作用,以提高现代能源载体获取渠道的多样性。Russia and China have abundant proved reserves of high-sulfur natural gas,and the natural gas industries of both countries are challenged by the treatment and utilization of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in the process of safe and efficient development of highsulfur natural gas.In this paper,various promising hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen(H_(2)S to H_(2))production methods are investigated,and the carbon footprints of H_(2)S thermal decomposition and H_(2)S conversion technologies are analyzed and evaluated systematically.The following results are obtained.First,the carbon footprint of the H_(2)production through catalytic conversion of methane(CH4)and H_(2)S is 4.65 kg CO_(2)emission equivalent(CO_(2)-eq.)for the production of 1 kg H_(2),while that of H_(2)production through thermal equilibrium(electric arc)plasma cracking under grid power supply is 6.13 kg CO_(2)-eq..Second,when the renewable energy power with low emission is employed,the total emission of greenhouse gases in the process of H_(2)production through CH4–H_(2)S conversion and that in the process of H_(2)S thermal decomposition are 2.05–2.33 kg CO_(2)and 2.38–2.78 kg CO_(2)for the production of 1 kg H_(2),respectively.Third,when lowcarbon power is used to ensure the electricity demand in the H_(2)S to H_(2)production process,the emission index of H_(2)production from H_(2)S is close to that of H_(2)production through water electrolysis,but in individual cases,the emission of greenhouse gases during H_(2)production from H_(2)S is even lower.Fourth,the international experience in the field of hydrogen certification is comparatively analyzed based on the characteristics of Russian hydrogen production,and the BRICS based international hydrogen certification standard collaboration method is proposed.In conclusion,the H_(2)S to H_(2)production process will be applied in high-sulfur oil fields after its successful application.The hydrogen certification proposal based on T/CAB 0078-2020 standard recommended by China is the most balanced and reasonable metho

关 键 词：天然气 硫化氢 氢 甲烷硫化氢转化 硫化氢分解 碳足迹 温室气体 温室效应 

分 类 号：TE642[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]