基于土壤流失方程的水土流失定量评估方法研究进展  

Research progress of quantitative evaluation methods of soil and water loss based on soil loss equation

作　　者：谢乐 侯鹏 刘亦晟 XIE Le;HOU Peng;LIU Yi-sheng(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Satellite Environment Application Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100094,China;Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094 [3]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第11期1-10,18,共11页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：黄河流域生态环境分区管控与高质量发展协同策略(2022-YRUC-01-0402)资助。

摘　　要：水土保持能力是区域重要的生态系统服务功能之一,与地区的生态可持续发展密切相关;而土壤侵蚀一直是水土保持能力研究的热点问题,其直接影响着生态环境和社会经济。针对该问题,美国农业部先后提出了通用土壤流失方程USLE和修正后的RUSLE方程,二者在全球109个国家的众多土壤侵蚀研究中得到广泛应用;对于方程存在的局限性,不同学者针对各地区特点和研究侧重点的差异,对方程的参量因子进行了不同程度的优化与改进。然而,现有关于土壤流失方程各因子计算方法在不同尺度的适用性研究综述较少。本研究系统地梳理了通用及修正后土壤流失方程降雨侵蚀力因子(R)、土壤可蚀性因子(K)、坡长和坡度因子(LS)、植被覆盖管理因子(C)、水土保持措施因子(P)5个因子测算方法的优缺点及适用条件,阐述了各因子方法的发展与典型应用,同时探讨了现有研究存在问题和未来发展,为不同地区的土壤侵蚀相关监测和进一步研究提供参考依据。Soil and water conservation ability is one of the important ecosystem service functions in the region,which is closely related to the regional ecological sustainable development.Soil erosion has always been a hot issue in the study of soil and water conservation ability,which directly affects the ecological environment and social economy.To solve this problem,the United States Department of Agriculture has put forward the universal soil loss equation USLE and the modified RUSLE equation,which have been widely used in many soil erosion studies in 109 countries around the world.Scholars also have optimized and improved the parametric factors of the equation in different degrees according to the characteristics and research focuses of different regions to make up for the limitations of the equation.However,there are few studies on the applicability of soil loss equation calculation methods at different scales.In this study,the advantages and disadvantages and applicable conditions of measuring methods for five factors of general and modified soil loss equation,namely rainfall erosivity factor(R),soil erodibility factor(K),the topographic factor(LS),cover management factor(C)and soil and water conservation measure factor(P),are systematically reviewed,and the development and typical application of each factor method are expounded.At the same time,the existing problems and future development of the existing research were discussed,which provided a reference for soil erosion monitoring and further research in different areas.

关 键 词：水土保持能力 土壤侵蚀 RUSLE USLE 因子定量测算方法 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]