低特征信号推进剂用氧化剂高氯酸钠的防吸湿方法研究  

Anti Moisture Methods of Sodium Perchlorate as an Oxidant Used in Low Characteristic Signal Propellants

作　　者：茆俊卿 凌志刚 曾江保 李先聚 刘杰[1] MAO Junqing;LING Zhigang;ZENG Jiangbao;LI Xianju;LIU Jie(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Nanjing,210094;Inner Mongolia Institute of Synthetic Chemical Industry,Inner Mongolia Hohhot,010000;Jiangxi Aerospace Jingwei Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Jiangxi Ji'an,343700)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]内蒙合成化工研究所,内蒙古呼和浩010000 [3]江西航天经纬化工有限公司,江西吉安343700

出　　处：《爆破器材》2024年第6期12-17,共6页Explosive Materials

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2020BS02018)。

摘　　要：因高氯酸钠NaClO_(4)热分解的气相成分不含HCl气体且性能稳定,在低特征信号推进剂中有很好的应用前景。但NaClO_(4)吸湿性较强,应用到推进剂中会导致推进剂工艺恶化,难以加工成型。为降低NaClO_(4)的吸湿性,促进NaClO_(4)在低特征信号推进剂中的应用,采用机械混合法制备了高氯酸钠/十八胺(NaClO_(4)/ODA)复合物。通过扫描电子电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman spectra)、X射线衍射仪、DSC-TG同步热分析仪、接触角测定仪和恒温恒湿试验,对样品的形貌、晶体结构、热分解性能、亲水性和吸湿性进行了表征。表征结果表明,ODA成功包覆到了NaClO_(4)表面。在10℃、相对湿度30%的条件下存放36 h后,原料NaClO_(4)和NaClO_(4)/ODA复合物均不吸湿;在10℃、相对湿度40%条件下存放60 h,原料NaClO_(4)和NaClO_(4)/ODA复合物均有不同程度的吸湿,包覆剂ODA质量分数1.0%的NaClO_(4)/ODA复合物吸湿率比原料NaClO_(4)降低63%,说明包覆具有明显降低NaClO_(4)吸湿性的作用。且防吸湿处理对NaClO_(4)的放热量无影响。The gas-phase products generated by the thermal decomposition of sodium perchlorate(NaClO_(4))do not contain HCl gas and have stable properties.Therefore,NaClO_(4)has great application prospects in making low characteristic signal propellants.However,NaClO_(4)has strong hygroscopicity,and its application in propellants can lead to deterioration of the propellant process,making it difficult to process and shape.In order to reduce the hygroscopicity of NaClO_(4)and promote its application in low characteristic signal propellants,sodium perchlorate/octadecylamine(NaClO_(4)/ODA)compo-sites were prepared by mechanical mixing method.The morphology,crystal structure,thermal decomposition performance,hydrophilicity,and hygroscopicity of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),Raman spectrometer,X-ray diffraction,DSC-TG synchronous thermal analyzer,contact angle analyzer,and constant temperature and humidity tests.The characterization results indicate that ODA has successfully coated the surface of NaClO_(4).After being stored at 10℃and relative humidity of 30%for 36 h,both NaClO_(4)and NaClO_(4)/ODA composites do not absorb moisture.After being stored at 10℃and relative humidity of 40%for 60 h,both NaClO_(4)and NaClO_(4)/ODA composites show varying degrees of moisture absorption.The moisture absorption rate of NaClO_(4)/ODA composite with a mass fraction of 1.0%of the coating agent decreases by 63%compared to NaClO_(4).indicating that the coating has a significant effect on reducing the moisture absorption of NaClO_(4).And the anti moisture treatment has no effect on the heat release of NaClO_(4).

关 键 词：高氯酸钠 低特征信号 推进剂 吸湿性 

分 类 号：TQ560.7[化学工程—炸药化工] TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]