铝镍钴永磁材料的研究进展  

Research Progress in Alnico Permanent Magnetic Materials

作　　者：刘悦卿 赵江涛 王凤青 刘雷 丁勇 孙颖莉 闫阿儒 LIU Yueqing;ZHAO Jiangtao;WANG Fengqing;LIU Lei;DING Yong;SUN Yingli;YAN Aru(CISRI&NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets,Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China;School of Rare Earths,University of Science&Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所稀土永磁联合创新中心,浙江宁波315000 [2]中国科学技术大学稀土学院,合肥230000 [3]中国科学院赣江创新研究院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第23期112-121,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3807900)。

摘　　要：铝镍钴永磁材料因具有较高剩磁和优异的温度稳定性,在航空航天用精密仪表中发挥重要作用。随着稀土资源危机的出现,铝镍钴作为无稀土永磁材料的代表再次成为国际永磁材料领域的研究热点。然而,铝镍钴永磁材料的实际纳米结构和反磁化行为与磁矩一致转动模型存在一定偏差,其矫顽力远低于理论极限,这阻碍了铝镍钴永磁材料的性能提升和应用发展。近年来,人们通过先进表征手段探究铝镍钴永磁材料的微观结构特征,并结合微磁学模拟研究磁性能的影响机制,为铝镍钴永磁材料的结构设计和性能提升提供指导,进而推动其工艺创新和应用突破。本工作综述了铝镍钴永磁材料在微观结构表征和磁性机理认识、矫顽力和温度稳定性优化提升以及新型制备技术探索等方面的研究进展,最后展望了铝镍钴永磁材料研究中尚未解决的问题和未来研究的发展方向。Alnico permanent magnetic materials play an important role in precision instruments for aerospace applications due to their high remanence and excellent temperature stability.As a representative of rare-earth-free permanent magnets,Alnicomaterials have once again become one of the international research hotspots in the field of permanent magnet materials with the rare-earth resource crisis.However,the actual nanostructure and magnetization reversal of Alnico materials are different from the magnetic moment consistent rotation model.As a result,the coercivity of Alnico is much lower than the theoretical limit.It hinders the performance enhancement and application development of the Alnico materials.In recent years,the microstructures of Alnico magnets have been explored by advanced characterizations,and the influence mechanism of magnetic properties has been established by combining the micromagnetic simulation with the experimental results.It is favorable to the structural design,performance enhancement,and application breakthrough of Alnico materials.In this work,the research progress of Alnico materials in microstructure characterization and magnetic mechanism is introduced,the improvement of coercivity and temperature stability is overviewed,and the exploration of new preparation technology is summarized.Finally,the unresolved problems in the research of Alnico permanent magnetic materials and the future research development direction are prospected.

关 键 词：铝镍钴永磁材料 调幅分解 矫顽力 温度稳定性 

分 类 号：TM273[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]