金属催化剂用于室温钠硫电池正极的研究进展  

Research Progress of Metal Catalysts for Room Temperature Sodium-sulfur Battery Cathode

作　　者：于佳晖 徐凯 沈秀贞 赵歆玥 弭侃 YU Jiahui;XU Kai;SHEN Xiuzhen;ZHAO Xinyue;MI Kan(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Linyi University,Linyi 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学化学化工学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《山东化工》2024年第21期105-108,112,共5页Shandong Chemical Industry

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MB123);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310452099)。

摘　　要：室温钠硫电池具备高达1274 Wh·kg^(-1)的理论能量密度,且作为活性材料的硫和钠具有储量丰富、价格低廉等优势。因此,它被认为是一种极具发展前景的新一代储能设备。然而,可溶性多硫化钠的穿梭效应和其迟滞的转化动力学严重阻碍了室温钠硫电池实际应用。金属催化剂具有优异的导电性,同时能利用M-S键化学锚定多硫化钠,抑制其扩散穿梭,并同步促进氧化还原反应动力学,从而改善电池性能。本文首先介绍了室温钠硫电池在醚基/酯基电解液中的工作机制,并按照金属纳米颗粒/团簇和单原子的次序,总结了近年来金属催化剂在室温钠硫电池正极领域的典型应用案例,综述功能金属催化剂载体材料的合成方法和催化机理,展望金属催化剂用于室温钠硫电池所面临的挑战和改进趋势,为开发高性能室温钠硫电池提供有益的参考案例和理论依据。The room temperature sodium-sulfur(RT-Na-S)battery has a high theoretical energy density of 1274 Wh·kg^(-1),and sulfur and sodium as active materials have many advantages including abundant reserves and low prices.Therefore,it is regarded as a new generation of energy storage equipment with great development prospects.However,the shuttle effect of soluble sodium polysulfides and their retarded conversion kinetics seriously hinder the practical application of RT-Na-S batteries.The metal catalyst have excellent electrical conductivity,and can chemically anchor sodium polysulfide by metal-S bond,inhibit their diffusion,and simultaneously promote the reaction kinetics,thus improving the performance of battery.In this paper,the working mechanism of RT-Na-S battery in ether/ester based electrolyte was first introduced,and the typical application cases of metal catalysts in the field of RT-Na-S battery cathode in recent years were summarized based on the order of metal nanoparticles/clusters and single atoms.Then,the synthesis methods and catalytic mechanism of functional metal catalyst as host materials were reviewed.At last,the challenges and improvement trends of metal catalysts used in room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries were provided.It is no doubt that this paper can offer useful reference cases and theoretical basis for the development of RT-Na-S battery.

关 键 词：室温钠硫电池 金属电催化剂 纳米颗粒 团簇 单原子 

分 类 号：TQ152[化学工程—电化学工业] TQ426.8