轻罪治理实践下危险作业罪的认定 兼论具体危险犯的结果归责  

Understanding and Application of the Crime of Dangerous Operations in the Context of Misdemeanor Management With a Discussion on the Result Imputation of Specific Dangerous Crimes

作　　者：金燚 Jin Yi

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学人文学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第6期1545-1563,共19页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目“数字时代涉案财物处置实体规则的体系化建构”(项目编号:23YJC820015);中央高校科研经费项目“自动驾驶汽车致害的刑事责任研究”(项目编号:2023RC39)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：危险作业罪属于具体危险犯形式的结果犯,其主观方面表现为过失,客观方面表现为发生重大伤亡事故或其他严重后果的现实危险。规范论视域下危险作业罪的结果归责判断流程分为“现实危险的创设”和“现实危险的实现”两个阶段,即在事前结合义务违反行为和危险信号的等级确定现实危险的表征,在事后通过规范保护目的关联和危险回避可能性关联来排除不值得归责的情形。危险作业罪的设立,并非要涵摄所有违反“有关安全管理规定”的行为,而是旨在规制实践中多发易发的三类严重违法违规并实质性危害公共安全的行为。在轻罪治理实践下,司法机关既要克制大量轻微违法行为入罪的刑罚冲动,也要防止危险作业罪沦为从轻发落的避风港,应结合危险作业罪的特征和成因“因材施治”,实现治罪与治理的统一。The crime of dangerous operations is categorized as a specific endangerment crime,and it is also a result crime.Subjectively,it is characterized by negligence,while objectively,it involves the actual danger of causing major casualties or other serious consequences.From the perspective of normative theory,the process of determining the attribution of the results of the crime of dangerous operations is divided into two stages:“the creation of actual danger”and“the realization of actual danger”.In the first stage,the actual danger is assessed based on the violation of duties and the severity of danger signals before the event,while in the second stage,after the event,scenarios where responsibility should not be attributed are excluded through an examination of the normative protective purpose and the possibility of avoiding danger.The establishment of the crime of dangerous operations is not intended to encompass all violations of“relevant safety management regulations”.Instead,it aims to regulate three types of serious illegal and irregular behaviors that frequently occur in practice and substantially endanger public safety.In the practice of dealing with minor offenses,judicial authorities should avoid the impulse to criminalize a large number of minor illegal acts while also preventing the crime of dangerous operations from becoming a haven for lenient penalties.They should tailor their responses based on the characteristics and causes of the crime,achieving a balance between penalizing and governing such offenses.

关 键 词：危险作业罪 过失 现实危险 规范保护目的 轻罪治理 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]