2023年全国疾控机构饮用水常规指标检测能力调查  

Investigation of detection capability for drinking water regular indicators of centers for disease control and prevention in China,2023

作　　者：王珊[1] 樊福成[1] 王蕤 路凯[1] WANG Shan;FAN Fu-cheng;WANG Rui;LU Kai(National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心,北京102200

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第11期908-914,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

摘　　要：目的 了解全国疾控机构对生活饮用水常规指标的检测能力现状,发现疾控机构在水质检测工作上的薄弱环节,为全面提升疾控能力提供数据支持。方法 2023年,在我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)及新疆生产建设兵团,采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,抽取了32家省级疾控、78家市级疾控和173家县级疾控机构进行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)中43项常规指标检测能力的网络问卷调查。通过比较不同级别、不同地区疾控机构对常规指标的检测情况,评价全国疾控机构对生活饮用水常规指标的检测能力。结果 283家疾控机构常规指标的检测能力M(P25,P75)为35(30,42)项。省、市、县级疾控机构常规指标的检测能力M(P25,P75)分别为43(43,43)、41(35,43)和32(28,37)项,各级别机构检测能力的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=99.56,P<0.001),省、市、县级疾控机构检测能力依次递减,经两两比较,差异有统计学意义(校正后的P<0.001)。东、中、西部区疾控机构常规指标检测能力M(P25,P75)分别为41(33,43)、34(29,41)和34(29,40)项,各地区机构检测能力的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.76,P<0.001),经两两比较,东部地区机构的检测能力优于中部和西部地区,差异有统计学意义(校正后的P<0.01)。常规指标分类分析结果显示,放射性指标的检测能力最薄弱,其次是毒理指标,微生物指标的检测能力最佳。单项指标分析结果显示,总α放射性和总β放射性指标的检测能力最薄弱;其次是二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、臭氧、三卤甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷和二氯一溴甲烷。结论 疾控机构对常规指标的检测能力需进一步提升,尤其是县级和中、西部地区疾控机构的检测能力仍有不足。应重点加强放射性指标和二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸等新增指标的检测能力建设。Objective To investigate the detection capability for drinking water regular indicators of centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)in China,to identify the weak links of CDCs in water quality detection,and to provide data support for impro-ving the capability of CDCs.Methods In 2023,32 province-level,78 city-level,and 173 county-level CDCs were selected in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to conduct network questionnaire survey about the detection capability for 43 regular indicators in the Standards for Drinking Wa-ter Quality(GB 5749-2022)using the method of multi-stage stratified sampling.By comparing the detection of regular indicators in CDCs of different levels and regions,their detection capabilities for drinking water regular indicators were evaluated.Results The M(P25,P75)value of regular indicator detection capability of 283 CDCs was 35(30,42)items.The M(P25,P75)values of regular indicator detection capabilities of province-,city-,and county-level CDCs were 43(43,43),41(35,43),and 32(28,37)items,respectively,showing a significant difference(χ^(2)=99.56,P<0.001).The detection capability decreased in the order of province-,city-,and county-level CDCs,and a pairwise comparison analysis showed significant differences(P<0.001 after adjustment).The M(P25,P75)values of regular indicator detection capabilities of CDCs in the eastern,middle,and western regions were 41(33,43),34(29,41),and 34(29,40)items,respectively,showing a significant difference(χ^(2)=16.76,P<0.001).A pairwise comparison a-nalysis showed that the detection capabilities of CDCs in the eastern region were significantly higher than those in the middle and west-ern regions(P<0.01 after adjustment).For the detection capability for different classes of indicators,the detection capability for radio-activity indicators was the lowest,followed by toxicological indicators,and the detection capability for microbiological indicators was th

关 键 词：疾控机构 饮用水 检测能力 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]