生物结皮对钼尾矿库土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响  

Effects of biological crusts on physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of molybdenum tailings ponds

作　　者：张超 强雪怡 贺峰 郭军康 ZHANG Chao;QIANG Xue-yi;HE Feng;GUO Jun-kang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi′an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《陕西科技大学学报》2024年第6期24-30,共7页Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2022JQ-275);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(23JK0353)。

摘　　要：以陕西秦岭某闭库的露天钼尾矿库为对象,研究了尾矿库自然恢复过程中不同演替阶段生物结皮(藻藓混生结皮和苔藓结皮)对尾矿库不同深度(0~2、2~5、5~10 cm)土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响.结果表明,与裸露区相比,结皮区土壤容重和pH降低,土壤阳离子交换量、黏粒含量、有机碳、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾含量,以及碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性增加,且苔藓结皮比藻藓混生结皮表现出更高的土壤理化性质和酶活性提升作用.随着土壤深度的增加,裸露区和结皮区养分和酶活性均表现出降低的趋势.相关性分析表明,尾矿库结皮生长区土壤养分与黏粒含量、酶活性成正相关关系,与土壤pH和容重呈负相关关系.综合以上研究结果表明,生物结皮能够改善金属尾矿库土壤理化性质和酶活性,且对表层土壤的影响最为显著.Taking a closed open-pit molybdenum tailings pond in Qinling,Shaanxi province as the object,the effects of biological crusts(alga emoss mixed crusts and moss crusts)on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities at different depths(0~2,2~5,5~10 cm)in the natural restoration process of tailings ponds were studied.The results showed that compared with the bare area,the soil bulk density and pH in the crust area decreased,the soil cation exchange capacity,clay content,the contents of organic carbon,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and the activities of alkaline phosphatase,urease and sucrase increased,and the moss crust showed the higher improvement of soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities than that of the algae-moss mixed crusts.With the increase of soil depth,the soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities in the bare area and crust area all showed a decreasing trend.Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrients in the crust area were positively correlated with clay content and enzyme activities,and were negatively correlated with soil pH and bulk density.The above results showed that biological crusts could improve the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of the soil in the metal tailings pond,and showed the most significant impact on the surface soil.

关 键 词：生物结皮 金属尾矿库 理化性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]