天津机场强对流天气气候特征  

Climatic Characteristics of Severe Convective Weather at Tianjin Airport

作　　者：李克南 陈曦 傅宁[1] 武凯军 许文杰 LI Kenan;CHEN Xi;FU Ning;WU Kaijun;XU Wenjie(College of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;State Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System,Nanjing 210023,China;Anhui Lai'an County Meteorological Bureau,Chuzhou 239200,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300 [2]空中交通管理系统全国重点实验室,南京210023 [3]安徽省来安县气象局,安徽滁州239200

出　　处：《指挥信息系统与技术》2024年第5期36-43,共8页Command Information System and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1600103);空中交通管理系统全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLATM202009)资助项目。

摘　　要：定量分析强对流天气气候特征,对增强雷暴预警准确性、提高机场运行正常率具有重要作用。采用天津机场2000—2021年的例行天气报告、ERA5(欧洲中期天气预报中心第5代大气再分析全球气候数据)再分析资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,依据强对流判定标准、环境参量和对流组织类型,对强对流天气气候特征进行了定量分析。分析结果表明:天津机场强对流天气高发月份为6—8月,午后和夜间发生频次较高;强对流的生命史较短,87.8%的过程小于4小时;影响天津机场的强对流有72%来自本场西北方向,对流组织类型以线状系统为主;K指数和全总指数可有效区分雷暴大风型和短时强降水型,而地面和850 hPa平均温度露点差可显著区分短时强降水型和其他2类强对流天气。Quantitative analysis of the climatic characteristics of severe convective weather plays a cru⁃cial role on enhancing the accuracy of thunderstorm warnings and improving airport operational effi⁃ciency.Utilizing routine weather reports,ERA5(the fifth generation ECMWF(European centre for medium-range weather forecasts)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate)reanalysis data,and Doppler weather radar data from Tianjin airport spanning the years 2000 to 2021,a quantitative analy⁃sis of the climatic characteristics of severe convective weather is conducted based on criteria for identi⁃fying severe convective events,environmental parameters,and convective organization types.The analysis results indicate that severe convective weather at Tianjin airport is most frequent from June to August,with higher occurrences during afternoon and nighttime hours.The lifespan of severe convec⁃tive events is relatively short,with 87.8%of events lasting less than four hours.Approximately 72%of the severe convective weather affecting Tianjin airport originates from the northwest,primarily in the form of linear convective systems.The K-index and total totals index are effective in distinguishing between thunderstorm wind gusts and short-duration heavy rainfall events,while the surface and 850 hPa mean temperature-dew point differences can significantly differentiate short-duration heavy rainfall events from the other two types of severe convective weather.

关 键 词：强对流天气 环境参数 组织类型 气候特征 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]