地膜残留对辣椒生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Residual Mulching Film on Growth and Yield of Chilli

作　　者：耿萌娇 靳拓 邹韬 罗功文 彭建伟[1,2] 闵孝烨 杨嫔玲 费讲驰 GENG Meng-jiao;JIN Tuo;ZOU Tao;LUO Gong-wen;PENG Jian-wei;MIN Xiao-ye;YANG Pin-ling;FEI Jiang-chi(Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Changsha 410128,PRC;Huaihua Meteorological Bureau,Huaihua 418000,PRC;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学,湖南长沙410128 [2]土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]怀化市气象局,湖南怀化418000 [4]中国农业科学院,北京100081

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第11期17-23,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金重大项目(2021JC0001);湖南省重点研发计划(2023NK2029);中国烟草总公司科技重大专项(110202202030)。

摘　　要：为研究土壤中残留的聚乙烯地膜(PEMF)和生物降解地膜(BMF)碎片对辣椒生长和产量的影响,试验以无地膜碎片残留土壤的处理为对照,比较研究了种植在含PEMF和BMF碎片残留的土壤中辣椒的生长性状变化。结果表明:即使是较低浓度(3 g/m^(2))的PEMF和BMF碎片在土壤中短暂残留(4个月)也会对辣椒的根系结构、根系活性、生物量和养分积累等生长特性造成负面影响。并且,当残留地膜碎片浓度上升到27 g/m^(2)时,辣椒生长所受负面影响加剧,导致辣椒产量出现了明显降低。但是,土壤中PEMF和BMF碎片残留促进了辣椒中可溶性糖和维生素C含量的提高,PEMF碎片残留降低了辣椒中硝酸盐的含量,说明土壤中短暂停留的PEMF和BMF碎片可以提升辣椒的品质。试验期间2种地膜对植物生长的影响差异不大。This study aims to explore the effects of residual polyethylene mulching film(PEMF)and biodegradable mulching film(BMF)in soil on the growth and yield of chilli.The soil without residual mulching film was taken as the control,and the growth characteristics of chilli were compared between PEMF and BMF groups.The results showed that residual PEMF and BMF,even at a low concentration(3 g/m^(2))for a short time(4 months),in soil negatively affected the growth characteristics including root architecture,vitality,biomass,and nutrient accumulation of chilli.Furthermore,as the concentration of residual mulching film increased to 27 g/m^(2),the negative effects on chilli growth intensified,resulting in a significant reduction in chilli yield.Interestingly,residual PEMF and BMF increased soluble sugar and vitamin C content in chilli,and residual PEMF reduced nitrate content in chilli,which suggested that short-term presence of residual PEMF and BMF in soil improved the quality of chilli.Residual PEMF and BMF showed similar effects on chilli growth and yield,which might be attributed to the short experiment period.

关 键 词：地膜 辣椒 产量品质 根系构型 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]