不同水稻品种“直播/移栽-再生”生长特性、产量与品质研究  

Growth Characteristics,Yields,and Quality of Rice Cultivars Under Direct Seeding/Transplanting-Ratooning Conditions

作　　者：周昆 刘祥杰 曾建新 罗正良 宋思铭 清毅 孙启航 邵德意 尹合兴 ZHOU Kun;LIU Xiang-jie;ZENG Jian-xin;LUO Zheng-liang;SONG Si-ming;QING Yi;SUN Qi-hang;SHAO De-yi;YIN He-xing(Hunan Rice Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC;Higentec Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410125,PRC;Changsha County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Changsha 410199,PRC;Jiangxi Quanya Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330006,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省水稻研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]华智生物技术有限公司,湖南长沙410125 [3]长沙县农业农村局,湖南长沙410199 [4]江西荃雅种业有限公司,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第11期24-30,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX15)。

摘　　要：采用两因素裂区区组试验设计,研究栽培方式对中稻-再生稻头季、再生季全生育期、茎蘖动态、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:相较于传统人工移栽方式,直播方式下头季及再生季全生育期分别缩短10.5 d和1.7 d;头季基本苗、最高苗、有效穗、穗长及穗实粒数差异显著,再生季产量、再生力、穗实粒数和千粒重差异显著,两季总产量差异不显著;直播方式有利于增加头季基本苗、最高苗及有效穗以形成多穗群体,移栽方式有利于增加穗长、穗粒数以形成大穗群体且其再生率高于直播,两种栽培方式通过多穗和大穗的不同途径实现了产量平衡;两种栽培方式下米质差异不显著,栽培方式对米质影响较小;与头季米质相比,再生季因灌浆期平均温度下降,昼夜温差大,米质优于头季,稻米加工品质、外观品质得到极显著提高。A two-factor split-plot design was employed to study the effects of different cultivation methods on the whole growth period,tiller dynamics,yield,and quality of first-season and ratooning rice of midseason cultivars.The results showed compared with that cultivated with the artificial transplanting method,the first-season and ratooning rice cultivated under the direct seeding pattern showed the whole growth periods shortening by 10.5 and 1.7 days,respectively.There were significant variations in the basic seedlings,highest seedlings,effective panicles,panicle length,and grain number per panicle of the first-season rice between different cultivation patterns.In the ratooning rice,notable differences were observed in the yield,ratooning capacity,grain number per panicle,and thousand-grain weight.However,no significant difference was observed in total yield between the two seasons.Direct seeding was proved beneficial for increasing basic seedlings,highest seedlings,and effective panicles during the first season.Transplanting was conducive to increases in panicle length and grain number per panicle and formation of a large-panicle population.Moreover,transplanting had higher ratooning rate than direct seeding.The two cultivation methods achieved yield equilibrium by forming more panicles and larger panicles,respectively.There was no significant difference in rice quality,which indicated that cultivation methods had little effect on rice quality.The quality of ratooning rice was superior to that of first-season rice,which was primarily attributed to a decrease in average temperature and an increase in diurnal temperature variation during the filling stage.The processing quality and appearance quality of rice were improved very significantly.

关 键 词：水稻 栽培方式 再生稻 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]