化学药剂对一季稻直播苗田福寿螺的杀灭效果及土壤细菌群落的影响  

Effects of Chemical Agents on Pomacea canaliculata and Soil Bacterial Community in the Seedling Fields of One-Season Direct Seeding Rice

作　　者：银晓 邹高峰 万自学 杨海君[3] 李开来 YIN Xiao;ZOU Gao-feng;WAN Zi-xue;YANG Hai-jun;LI Kai-lai(Ningxiang Service Center for Rural Revitalization,Ningxiang 410600,PRC;Shahe Market Management Office of Ningxiang,Ningxiang 410699,PRC;College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]宁乡市乡村振兴服务中心,湖南宁乡410600 [2]宁乡市沙河市场管理办公室,湖南宁乡410699 [3]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第11期60-67,共8页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ50247)。

摘　　要：为筛选农田福寿螺灭除效果好且对土壤微生物和水生动物损害小的化学药剂,研究选取6种常用的福寿螺化学防控药剂对一季稻直播苗田进行处理,探究其对福寿螺的灭除效果和对泥鳅及土壤细菌群落组成的影响。结果表明:用药48 h后,低、高剂量的40%四聚乙醛悬浮剂处理下福寿螺灭除率均达到100%,泥鳅死亡率分别为13%和40%;高剂量的50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂和45%三苯基乙酸锡可湿性粉剂处理对土壤细菌群落结构影响较大,在门水平上主要影响变形菌门、绿弯菌门和疣微菌门,在属水平上主要影响Gp6属;6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂对土壤细菌群落的影响最小,其次为40%四聚乙醛悬浮剂。综合而言,40%四聚乙醛悬浮剂可作为农田灭螺推荐药剂,且剂量宜采用包装最低推荐剂量。This study aims to select the chemical agents that are effective in eradicating Pomacea canaliculata from farmland while causing little damage to soil microorganisms and aquatic animals.Six commonly used chemical agents were applied in the seedling fields of one-season direct seeding rice.Their killing effects on P.canaliculata and effects on loach and soil bacterial communities were studied.The results showed that 40%metaldehyde suspension concentrate applied at both low and high doses achieved 100%eradication of P.canaliculata after 48 h,while causing the loach mortality rates of 13%and 40%,respectively.A high dose of 50%niclosamide ethanolamine wettable powder and 45%fentin acetate wettable powder significantly altered the soil bacterial community structure,mainly affecting Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level and Gp6 at the genus level.The 6%metaldehyde granules had the slightest impact on the soil bacterial community,followed by 40%metaldehyde suspension concentrate.Based on these findings,40%metaldehyde suspension concentrate is recommended as the preferred molluscicide for farmland use,with the adoption of the lowest recommended dose as indicated on the packaging.

关 键 词：化学药剂 药剂浓度 福寿螺 农田防控 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S482[农业科学—农药学]