多主体博弈下铁路保价运输与货运保险协同定价策略  

Collaborative pricing strategy of railway value-insured transportation and freight transport insurance in multi-agent game

作　　者：冯芬玲[1] 战映辰 刘承光 邹朝辉 FENG Fenling;ZHAN Yingchen;LIU Chengguang;ZOU Zhaohui(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Publicity Department,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司宣传部,北京100844

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第11期4467-4477,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(2020F032)。

摘　　要：为提升铁路货运风险保障产品市场化水平,考虑铁路保价运输与铁路货运保险的协同,研究铁路运输企业货运风险保障产品的费率优化问题。根据铁路运输企业、商业保险企业、客户3类市场主体间的博弈关系,建立线性环形市场。构建两阶段双层的多主体博弈定价模型:上层两阶段确定企业最优产品定价,下层确定客户最优购买策略。基于迭代算法和混合人工蜂群算法求解模型,得到企业的最优产品定价。研究结果表明:当铁路保价运输与铁路货运保险协同发展时,铁路运输企业推出保价保险一体化产品是可行的,最优费率取值约为铁路保价运输和铁路货运保险费率之和的六、七成,且货物越易损,客户越倾向于购买保价保险一体化产品,其优势越显著。在此基础上,铁路运输企业市场化调整货运风险保障产品费率,铁路保价运输和铁路货运保险的最优费率均低于原费率水平,货物越易损,费率下降幅度越小,其中,铁路保价运输对损失概率较高的货物品类定价能力更强,铁路货运保险对损失概率较低的货物品类定价能力更强。为应对市场变化,商业保险企业将采用降价、保障市场份额的行动策略以维持市场竞争力。研究结果为铁路运输企业根据定期调研的市场情况灵活调整其提供的货运风险保障产品费率提供参考。To improve the marketization level of railway freight risk management products,considering the collaboration between railway value-insured transportation and railway freight transport insurance,this paper studied the pricing optimization of freight risk management products in railway transportation enterprises.Based on the game relationships among three types of market players:railway transportation enterprises,commercial insurance enterprises and customers,a linear ring market was established.A multi-agent game pricing model with two stages and two layers was built in the linear ring market.Two stages of the upper layer determined enterprises’optimal product pricing,while the lower layer determined customers’optimal purchase strategies.The iterative algorithm and the hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm were used to solve the model,and the optimal pricing of freight risk management products in railway transportation enterprises was obtained.Results show it is feasible to introduce an integrated product of value-insured transportation and freight transport insurance.The optimal pricing is about 60%to 70%of the sum of value-insured transportation and freight transport insurance rates.The higher the loss rate of goods,the more customers tend to buy the integrated product,and its advantages are more obvious.On this basis,railway transportation enterprises adjust the rate level by marketization,and the optimal pricing of value-insured transportation and freight transport insurance will be lower than the original rates.The more vulnerable the goods are,the smaller the rate decline is.Among them,value-insured transportation has stronger pricing power for goods with higher loss probability,and freight transport insurance has stronger pricing power for goods with lower loss probability.To cope with market changes and maintain market competitiveness,commercial insurance enterprises will adopt the strategy of reducing prices and keeping market share.The research results can provide a reference for railway transportat

关 键 词：铁路货物运输 铁路保价运输 货物运输保险 协同定价 多主体博弈 

分 类 号：U29-3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]