地下车辆基地运用库内防火墙设置必要性研究  

Necessity of setting up firewall for underground vehicle base

作　　者：谢宝超[1] 陈珊娜 王庆亮 周文慧 易俊彦 XIE Baochao;CHEN Shanna;WANG Qingliang;ZHOU Wenhui;YI Junyan(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Suzhou Rail Transit Group Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215004,China;China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]苏州市轨道交通集团有限公司,江苏苏州215004 [3]中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司,北京102600

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第11期4653-4662,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：苏州市轨道交通集团有限公司科研项目(SZZG06YJ1080007);苏州市科技计划项目(SS202115);中国铁建股份有限公司科研计划项目(2021-C57);中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司科研计划项目(T5Y2020-B01);中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2024ZZTS0819)。

摘　　要：车辆基地由地上转入地下,疏散救援和排烟难度增大,规范要求室内最远一点至最近安全出口的疏散距离不应大于60 m,实际工程中常在运用库内设置防火墙并在墙上设置防火门作为安全出口,以满足规范要求。然而,设置防火墙在增加建设成本的同时,将原本通透开阔的大空间划分为多个相对独立的小空间,影响车辆基地的使用功能;同时,车辆基地工作人员少,烟气在大空间内沉降慢,对人员的安全疏散影响较小。因此,地下车辆基地防火墙设置的必要性有待进一步研究。基于经过试验验证的车辆基地火灾动力学模型和人员疏散模型,研究防火墙设置对人员疏散安全性、烟气蔓延和火灾蔓延的影响。研究结果表明:运用库内不设置防火墙时,烟气在库内大空间沉降速度慢,即使排烟系统失效,烟气也不会下降至最小清晰高度;设置防火墙后,火灾烟气更易蔓延至垂直于列车轨道的消防车道。无防火墙且排烟系统失效时,人员必需安全疏散时间为346 s,小于最不利点可用安全疏散时间610 s,库内人员均能安全疏散。火源相邻列车所受辐射热通量为3.72 kW/m^(2),小于列车着火所需临界热通量,火灾不会蔓延至火源相邻列车。综合考虑防火墙设置对人员疏散安全性、烟气蔓延和火灾蔓延的影响,地下车辆基地运用库内可不设置防火墙。The transition of the vehicle base from aboveground to underground poses challenges for evacuation,rescue,and smoke exhaust.Building codes require that the evacuation distance from the farthest point in the room to the nearest safety exit should not exceed 60 meters.In practical engineering,the underground vehicle base often installs firewalls in the application library and adds fire doors on the walls as safety exits to meet the code's requirements.However,while increasing the construction costs,installing firewalls divides the originally transparent and open large space into multiple relatively independent smaller spaces,affecting the functional use of the vehicle base.Additionally,considering the limited number of personnel in the vehicle base and the slow settling of smoke in the large space,the impact on the safety evacuation of personnel is relatively minor.Therefore,the necessity of setting up firewalls needs further research.Based on experimentally validated fire dynamics and personnel evacuation models for the vehicle base,an investigation was conducted to assess the impact of firewall installation on the safety of personnel evacuation,smoke spread,and fire propagation.The results are shown as follows.When no firewalls are installed within the underground vehicle base,the smoke settles slowly in the large space of the application library,and even if the smoke exhaust system fails,the smoke will not descend to the minimum clear height.However,after the installation of firewalls,the fire smoke is more prone to spreading toward the fire lanes that are perpendicular to the train track.When there is no firewall and the smoke exhaust system fails,the required safe evacuation time is 346 seconds,less than the available safe evacuation time of 610 seconds,and the personnel within the application library can safely evacuate.The radiative heat flux received by the train adjacent to the fire source is 3.72 kW/m^(2),below the critical heat flux necessary for igniting the train,and the fire will not propagate to the

关 键 词：地下车辆基地 防火墙 人员疏散 烟气蔓延 火灾蔓延 

分 类 号：TU998.12[建筑科学—市政工程]