地铁站通风空调系统实测分析及负荷特性研究  

Measurement analysis and load characteristics research on subway station ventilation and air-conditioning system

作　　者：刘正宁 王文强 孙春辉 LIU Zhengning;WANG Wenqiang;SUN Chunhui(Siact Power Company,Xi’an 710065,China;School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]思安新能源股份有限公司,陕西西安710065 [2]长安大学建筑工程学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第11期4746-4755,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：西安市科技局资助项目(23LLRHZDZX0018)。

摘　　要：通过对西安地铁既有线通风空调系统进行实测调研分析,发现实际运行工况严重偏离设计工况。早晚高峰客流量仅为设计条件下30%~42%,公共区温湿度控制效果不佳,系统供冷量大于真实冷负荷,供冷量变化无法反映真实冷负荷需求,造成无端能源浪费和系统运行成本增加。为研究末端真实冷负荷特性,基于实测进出站客流量对2个站人员冷负荷进行计算分析,并采用TRNSYS软件对站厅和站台冷负荷进行仿真模拟。研究结果表明:影响人员冷负荷变化的主要是进站客流,而进站客流特性又受周边建筑类型影响。当站周边主要为办公建筑时,人员尖峰冷负荷出现在晚高峰,峰值较高且持续时间相对较短。此类站,采用逐时客流量计算人员负荷时间步长过长。周边主要为居住建筑时,人员尖峰冷负荷出现在早高峰,峰值相对较小,且持续时间相对较长。仿真条件下,地铁站公共区尖峰冷负荷变化呈峰值高、时长短的特点,非尖峰时段负荷较低,典型日平均冷负荷仅为尖峰冷负荷的45%;实测4个站站厅温度普遍偏低,计算发现站厅在站人数较少,人员负荷较低;设计工况下,某站厅和站台送风量比为4∶5,而仿真冷负荷比为1∶4,站厅送风量严重偏大,导致站厅供冷量过剩;综上,建议根据不同站的客流特性和负荷特性对通风空调系统控制策略进行优化,并加强对站厅送风和回风风量的控制。当室外日最高温度低于28.5℃时,可考虑关闭站厅空调。研究结果可为地铁通风空调系统设计和运行优化提供理论依据。Through actual measurement,investigation and analysis of the ventilation and air-conditioning system of Xi’an Metro’s existing lines,it was found that the actual operating conditions seriously deviated from the design conditions.The morning and evening peak passenger flow was only 30%~42%of the design conditions.The temperature and humidity control effect in public areas was poor.The system cooling capacity was greater than the real cooling load.The changes in cooling capacity could not reflect the real cooling load demand.This results in unnecessary energy waste and increased system operating costs.In order to study the real cooling load characteristics of the terminal,the personnel cooling load of the two stations was calculated and analyzed based on the measured passenger flow in and out of the station.The TRNSYS software was used to simulate the cooling load of the station hall and platform.The results show that the main factor that affects the change of personnel load is the inbound passenger flow,and the characteristics of the inbound passenger flow are affected by the surrounding building types.When there are mainly office buildings around the station,the peak personnel cooling load occurs during the evening peak,with a higher peak value and a relatively short duration.For such stations,the hourly passenger flow calculation time step for personnel load is too long.When the surrounding areas are mainly residential buildings,the peak personnel cooling load occurs during the morning peak,and the peak value is relatively small and lasts relatively long.Under simulation conditions,the peak cooling load changes in the subway public area are characterized by high peak value and short duration.The load is low during non-peak periods.The typical daily average cooling load is only 45%of the peak load.The measured temperature in the four station halls is generally low.The calculation found that there are fewer people in the station hall and the personnel cooling load is lower.Under the design conditions,the air s

关 键 词：地铁站 客流分析 通风空调 负荷特性 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：TU834[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]