不同主导权下铁路工程建设物资采购策略优化研究  

Railway construction materials under different dominant rights procurement strategy optimization research

作　　者：张得志[1] 郭枭剑 周赛琦 张涛 ZHANG Dezhi;GUO Xiaojian;ZHOU Saiqi;ZHANG Tao(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Equipment Technology Center,National Railway Administration of People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]国家铁路局装备技术中心,北京100160

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第11期4756-4766,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72074073);国铁集团科技计划项目(2023X022);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30857,2021JJ31167)。

摘　　要：工程物资采购是影响铁路工程建设成本的关键环节,根据工程物资在市场上的供需关系来进行采购策略优化,可以有效降低铁路工程建设的采购成本。针对具有不同市场供需关系的工程物资采购情景,首先建立供应商-Stackelberg和施工方-Stackelberg博弈模型,分析供应商为领导者和施工方为领导者2种情景下施工方单独采购时最佳的采购批量、采购价格以及相应的利润。在此基础上引入建设单位,施工方寻求建设单位进行战略采购可以获得批量折扣,构建基于Stackelberg博弈模型的不同主导权的3级战略采购供应链模型,对供应商、建设单位、施工方构成的3级采购供应链的2种分散决策模式下成员的最优决策行为进行分析,确定战略采购下施工方最优的采购价格、批量以及利润,并与单独采购时施工方的利润进行对比。研究结果表明:1)施工方委托建设单位进行工程物资采购会导致施工方最佳采购批量降低;2)当供应商主导采购时,如果建设单位可以给施工方争取到较好的折扣,战略采购时施工方的利润会大大增加,施工方可以通过战略采购来进一步降低采购成本;3)当施工方主导采购时,建设单位在与供应商的交易中可以得到比施工方单独采购更优的价格,但施工方的利润会遭到建设单位的剥削,相比战略采购来说单独采购是施工方最佳的采购策略。研究结果为铁路工程物资采购决策和采购成本优化提供了理论依据。The procurement of engineering material is a crucial factor influencing the cost of railway construction.By optimizing the procurement strategy based on market supply and demand dynamics,it is possible to effectively reduce the procurement costs associated with railway construction projects.To address various procurement scenarios characterized by different market supply and demand relationships,game models for supplier-Stackelberg and constructor-Stackelberg were initially established.These models analyzed the optimal purchase quantity,purchase price,and corresponding profit under two leadership scenarios:supplier-led and constructor-led.Building upon this foundation,strategic procurement involves introducing a project owner that seeks batch discounts for efficient material acquisition.A three-level strategic procurement supply chain model with varying dominant rights was constructed using Stackelberg game theory principles.This paper examined the optimal decision-making behavior of members within this three-level procurement supply chain consisting of suppliers,project owner,and construction parties operating under decentralized decision-making modes.It determined the ideal purchase price,batch size,and profit for the construction party when engaging in strategic procurement while comparing it to separate purchasing strategies.The research results are drawn as follows.(1)If the construction party delegates the task of purchasing engineering materials to the project owner,it will result in a reduction in the optimal purchase volume for the construction party.(2)When the supplier takes charge of procurement,if the project owner can secure a better discount on behalf of the construction party during strategic procurement,it will significantly increase their profits and enable them to further reduce procurement costs through strategic sourcing.(3)When the construction party takes control of procurement,although the project owner may obtain a better price in transactions with suppliers compared to individual purchas

关 键 词：工程物资 采购策略 STACKELBERG博弈 灵敏度分析 对比分析 

分 类 号：F253.2[经济管理—国民经济]