基于ERP实验的大龄建筑工人自我认知偏差研究  

Self-cognitive bias of older construction workers based on ERP experiments

作　　者：程保全 黄健陵 董博 罗琪 骆晓伟 陈辉华[1] CHENG Baoquan;HUANG Jianling;DONG Bo;LUO Qi;LUO Xiaowei;CHEN Huihua(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;Wuhan Institute of Ergonomics,Wuhan 430000,China;Laboratory of Neuromanagement in Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]香港城市大学建筑与土木工程系,中国香港999077 [3]武汉人因工程技术研究院,湖北武汉430000 [4]西安建筑科技大学神经工程管理实验室,西安陕西710055

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第11期4767-4778,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72171237,52178305);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30861)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在测度大龄建筑工人自我认知偏差,探究其主要影响因素,为施工安全管理提供理论指导和实践借鉴。首先,通过文献综述和理论分析,从生理机能、认知功能与工作经验3个维度解构大龄建筑工人自我认知偏差,识别其潜在的影响因素,提出实验假设。在此基础上,采用事件相关电位(ERP)实验的方法,以N400成分作为关键指标,设计和开展实验,测度大龄建筑工人的不同维度自我认知偏差,验证实验假设。通过对N400成分在不同刺激条件下的ERP波形图以及配对样本t检验结果的比较分析,结合参与者的年龄、工伤经历、体检习惯和安全培训经历等社会人口学变量,验证大龄建筑工人自我认知偏差普遍存在,并探究影响大龄建筑工人的主要影响因素。研究发现,大龄建筑工人普遍没有充分认识到自己生理机能和认知功能的退化,且存在对个人工作经验的过度依赖现象;年龄较大、有工伤经历、有定期体检习惯以及定期接受安全培训的大龄建筑工人的自我认知偏差上表现出更低的倾向。这些发现揭示了大龄建筑工人自我认知偏差的真实存在,并受到多种因素的影响。为了减少大龄建筑工人自我认知偏差引发的安全隐患,管理人员应当调整大龄建筑工人的工作安排,提供定期体检和针对性的安全培训。本研究成果为施工安全管理和建筑业人力资源管理的研究提供参考,有助于制定针对性的创新策略,解决建筑业劳动力老龄化带来的职业安全问题。This study aimed to measure the self-cognitive bias of older construction workers,explore its main influencing factors,and provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for construction safety management.Firstly,through literature review and theoretical analysis,the study deconstructed the self-cognitive bias of older construction workers from three dimensions:physical function,cognitive function,and work experience.It identified potential influencing factors and proposed experimental hypotheses.Based on this case,the method of Event-Related Potentials(ERP)experiments was adopted,using N400 component as a key indicator,to design and conduct experiments.This measured the self-cognitive bias of older construction workers in different dimensions and verifies the hypotheses.By comparing and analyzing the ERP waveforms of the N400 component under different stimulus conditions and the results of paired sample t-tests,in conjunction with sociodemographic variables such as age,work injury history,health checkup habits,and safety training experience,the study concluded that older construction workers generally lack sufficient awareness of the decline in their physical and cognitive functions,and tend to overly rely on their work experience.Moreover,older workers with work injury history,regular health checkups,and safety training show a lower tendency in self-cognitive bias.These findings reveal the real existence of self-cognitive bias among older construction workers,influenced by multiple factors.To reduce the safety hazards caused by this bias,managers should adjust the work arrangements of older construction workers,provide regular health checkups,and offer targeted safety training.The results of this study provide references for research in construction safety management and human resource management in the construction industry,offering practical insights.The findings are helpful in formulating targeted innovative strategies to address the occupational safety issues brought by the aging workforce in the cons

关 键 词：ERP实验 大龄建筑工人 自我认知偏差 职业安全 N400 

分 类 号：TU71[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]