生物质基工程生物炭材料应用于超级电容器:现状、挑战及前景  

Transforming biomass into engineered biochar materials for high-performance supercapacitors:Recent advances,challenges,and prospects

作　　者：范瑞博 陈亮 薛北辰 王傲[3] 苏银海 张会岩 袁湘洲 FAN Ruibo;CHEN Liang;XUE Beichen;WANG Ao;SU Yinhai;ZHANG Huiyan;YUAN Xiangzhou(Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education,School of Energy and Environment,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;School of Marine Science and Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学能源与环境学院能源热转换及其过程测控教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210096 [2]海南大学海洋科学与工程学院,海南海口570228 [3]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2024年第6期13-24,共12页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB4203704)。

摘　　要：超级电容器因其比能量高、稳定性好等优异性能,被视为一种具有广阔发展前景的先进储能装置。近年来,开发新型高性能超级电容器受到了学者们的广泛关注。作为超级电容器重要组成部分之一,电极材料对超级电容器性能具有关键性影响。基于生物质资源丰富、廉价易得以及碳中和等优点,工程生物炭不仅具备可再生、低成本和环境友好等特性,还具有发达的孔结构、丰富的官能团及优异的稳定性。因此,高性能工程生物炭基超级电容器的研发成为了当前研究的焦点。梳理生物质基工程生物炭材料作为超级电容器电极材料的最新研究进展,讨论炭化、活化和杂原子掺杂等电极材料制备过程的基本原理。另外,借助于机器学习方法阐述高性能工程生物炭电极材料的性能精准预测原理和结构高效构筑机制,以揭示工程生物炭材料特性与超级电容器性能之间存在的内在关联。最后,总结生物质基工程生物炭材料应用于高效储能系统所面临的挑战与前景,同时为其商业化应用发展提供参考。Supercapacitors are widely considered as advanced energy storage devices with vast development prospects due to their excellent properties,including high specific energy and good cyclic stability.Recently,the development of novel and high-performance supercapacitors has attracted extensive attention.As one of the key components,the electrode material has a significant impact on the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.Engineering biochar not only has natural advantages such as renewability,cost-effectiveness,and environmental-friendliness but also possesses welldeveloped properties,including pore structure,functional group,and cyclic stability.Therefore,numerous investigations have been conducted to develop high-performance engineered biochar-based supercapacitors.This review provides an overview of emerging synthesis routes for engineered biocharbased electrode materials and discusses recent advances in various synthesis approaches,offering deeper and more comprehensive information on engineered biochar-based supercapacitors.Machine learning(ML)-based predictions and inverse designs have contributed to the innovation of engineered biochar-based electrode materials for high-performance applications,clarifying the inherent mechanisms and complex relationships between the properties of engineering biochar and the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.Finally,detailed assessments from perspectives of environmental benefits and economic feasibilities are proposed as science-based guidelines for industries and policymakers.The main existing challenges and solutions of engineered biochar-based energy storage systems are discussed,aiming to accelerate commercial applications of engineered biochar-based supercapacitors.

关 键 词：超级电容器 多孔炭材料 生物质 机器学习 电化学性能 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]