“廖案”以“许案”作结:蒋介石崛起的预演  

The“Liao Case”Ends with the“Xu Case”:The Preview to Chiang Kai-shek’s Rise

作　　者：张生[1] 陈志刚 Zhang Sheng;Chen Zhigang

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心,南京210093 [2]西南大学历史文化学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2024年第6期118-131,I0007,共15页Social Sciences in Guangdong

摘　　要：廖仲恺遇刺案发生后,国民党中央决定汪精卫、许崇智、蒋介石三人组织“特别委员会”处理紧急情况。案情比较迅速地趋向清晰,但却以许崇智下台,被迫“赴沪养疴”而告一段落。“廖案”甫一发生,蒋介石即指英国所为,这是因为孙中山晚年革命矛头逐步指向帝国主义,尤其是英帝国主义,“关余”斗争中双方矛盾激化,从而使蒋介石等人形成了凡遇坏事必疑英国的惯习,“商团事件”和“沙基惨案”等更强化了这种认知,蒋介石甚至准备对英备战。处理“廖案”时,鲍罗廷和共产国际认定陈炯明及其背后支持者英国对革命形成了致命威胁,但许崇智却不行动,甚至想取而代之,包庇深深卷入“廖案”的部下梁鸿楷等人。鲍罗廷等利用许崇智与胡汉民的个人恩怨先除掉梁鸿楷等人,进而以许崇智把持财政为由,由蒋介石率领黄埔学生军和第一军采取军事手段,解决了许部。鲍罗廷等以为解决许崇智,蒋介石等“左派”上台,国民革命即可顺利推进,殊不知,革命的致命威胁已经培育出来,蒋氏势力已经崛起。After the assassination of Liao Chung-kai,the Kuomintang Central Committee resolved to task Wang Ching-wei,Xu Chongzhi,and Chiang Kai-shek with forming a“special committee”to address the crisis.When the case gradually become clear,it concluded with Xu Chongzhi being forced to“undertake medical treatment in Shanghai.”Due to Sun Yat-sen’s later revolutionary stance,which increasingly aimed at imperialism,particularly British imperialism,following the“Liao Case,”Chiang Kai-shek promptly assigned blame to Britain.Also,the heightened tensions in the“customs revenue conflict”between two sides forced Chiang Kai-shek and others’inclination to suspect Britain for any cases.This suspecion reinforced by the“Business Group Event”and“Shaki Massacre.”Chiang Kai-shek even prepared for potential conflict with Britain.While addressing the“Liao Case,”Borodin and the Comintern deemed Chen Chiung-ming and his backer Britain a dire threat to the revolution.However,Xu Chongzhi failed to act and even sought to replace Chen,and tried to protect his subordinate including Liang Hongkai,who deeply involved into the“Liao Case.”Borodin and associates exploited their personal dispute with Hu Hanmin to get rid of Liang Hongkai and others first.Subsequently,under the pretext of Xu Chongzhi’s control over finances,Chiang Kai-shek lead the Whampoa Student Army and the First Army,used military means to resolve the issue with Xu Department.Borodin and others thought that resolving Xu Chongzhi and bringing the“leftist”faction led by Chiang Kai-shek to power would facilitate smooth progress in revolution,but they did not realize that a dire threat to revolution had already been incubated.

关 键 词：廖仲恺遇刺案 蒋介石 许崇智 鲍罗廷 英国 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] K262[政治法律—中外政治制度]