黔杉杂种种子园种子杉木良种选育  

Chinese Fir Improved Varieties Breeding of Qianshan Hybird Seed Orchard Seeds

作　　者：石扬文 潘震 陈波涛 张成 杨月吉 邓蔚松 龙倩 毛红 SHI Yangwen;PAN Zhen;CHEN Botao;ZHANG Cheng;YANGYueji;DENG Weisong;LONG Qian;MAO Hong(Liping County State-owned Dongfeng Forest Farm,Liping 557300,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Walnut Research Institute,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省黎平县国有东风林场,贵州黎平557300 [2]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [3]贵州省核桃研究所,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2024年第4期14-18,共5页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：黎平杉木育种国家长期科研基地;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2018〕2301)。

摘　　要：“黔杉杂种种子园种子”是贵州国家杉木良种基地营建的双系和多系种子园生产的第3代杉木良种,旨在充分利用杉木第2世代选育优良组合的特殊配合力及亲本优良结实特性,保障生产性种子园高产稳产。应用选育优良组合亲本的交配关联性和固定排列,使用4个亲本穗条嫁接营建双系种子园,使用11个亲本穗条嫁接营建多系种子园。入园无性系的优良开花结实特性得到充分体现及验证,盛产期的双系和多系种子园种子产量是同期常规种子园的3.9~6.3倍;5~6年生自由授粉鲜球果出种率约4.0%,种子发芽率高达49%。营建的双系和多系种子园仅具有良种生产功能而无育种功能,自由授粉子代优良单株不能选入下一世代育种群体,营建自由授粉子代测定进一步验证良种现实增益并为疏伐改造及良种审定提供科学依据。Qianshan Hybird Seed Orchard Seeds are the third-generation excellent breeds of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)produced by the bi-clonal and poly-clonal seed orchards in the Guizhou National Chinese Fir Breeding Improved Variety Base.The excellent combinations of parents are selected to fully utilize the special mating and the optimal fruiting characteristics after second-generation breeding.The high and stable yields have been achieved in the seed orchards.In this study,a dual-series seed orchard was constructed to graft the shoots from four parents,according to the correlation and fixed arrangement of breeding combination in the mating parents.A multi-series seed orchard was constructed by grafting shoots from 11 parents.A series of investigations were carried out to verify the flowering and fruiting characteristics of the introduced asexual lines.The seed yield of bi-clonal and poly-clonal seed orchards during full bearing period was 3.9 to 6.3 times that of the conventional.The rate of 5 to 6-year-old free-pollinated fresh strobilus to dry seed was about 4.0%,and the seed germination rate was as high as 49%.The bi-clonal and poly-clonal seed orchards were used to only produce the excellent seeds without breeding.The free-pollination progenies failed to be chosen.These progeny plus-trees were excluded from the next generation breeding population.The free-pollination progenies test was further validated to realize the optimal gains of seeds.The finding can provide a scientific basis for the thinning and registration of improved varieties breeding.

关 键 词：杉木 双系种子园 多系种子园 良种选育 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]