有机旱作农业模式对晋中地区玉米根系形态特征及产量的影响  

Effects of Organic Dry Farming Model on Maize Root Morphological Characteristics and Yield in Jinzhong Region

作　　者：李泽斌 王咏华 张永清 马星星 郝嘉湉 LI Zebin;WANG Yonghua;ZHANG Yongqing;MA Xingxing;HAO Jiatian(College of Geographical Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Modern Agricultural Industry Development Center of Shouyang County,Shouyang 045400,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,太原030031 [2]寿阳县现代农业产业发展中心,寿阳045400

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期6-10,57,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0404);国家自然科学基金项目(42201071);山西省应用基础研究计划项目(201801D221048);山西师范大学研究生科技创新项目(2023XSY053)。

摘　　要：为明确晋中旱作农业区玉米根系形态特征及产量对有机肥的响应,本文在晋中寿阳旱作农业区采用不施肥处理、氮磷钾肥处理和氮磷钾+有机肥处理(CK、NPK、NPK+OM)3种田间施肥处理方式进行相关试验,采集成熟阶段不同深度玉米根系样品,获得玉米根系形态参数及玉米产量等相关指标,研究了玉米根系形态特征及产量对3种施肥处理的响应。试验结果表明:(1)除平均直径和比根长外,NPK+OM处理下的各层根系生物量、根长、根表面积和根体积均显著高于CK;(2)NPK+OM处理下,上层(0~10 cm)的根系生物量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系平均直径均显著高于下层(20~30 cm),比根长则相反;(3)NPK+OM处理下的玉米亩穗数、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、秸秆重量和产量显著高于NPK和CK,产量最高值为12971.4 kg/hm^(2)。有机肥与无机肥配施是促进当地旱作农业区玉米根系生长发育和保障玉米丰产稳产的一种最优方案。This paper aimed to clarify the response to organic fertilizer of the maize root morphological characteristics and yield in the dry farming area of Jinzhong.Three field fertilization treatments,i.e.,no fertilization,nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer treatment,and nitrogen phosphorus potassium+organic fertilizer treatment(referred as CK,NPK,NPK+OM),were employed in the arid agricultural area of Shouyang,Jinzhong.The maize roots at different depths during the mature stage were collected as samples,related morphology parameters,yield and other indicators were obtained,and the response of maize root morphology characteristics and yield to three fertilization treatments were studied.The results showed that,except for the mean diameter and specific root length,the root biomass,root length,root surface area and root volume of all layers under the NPK+OM treatment were significantly higher than those of CK.And these indicators of the upper layer(0-10 cm)were significantly higher than those of the lower layer(20-30 cm),while the opposite was true for the specific root length.The values including the number of ears,rows,grains,100-kernel weight,straw weight and yield of the maize under the NPK+OM treatment were significantly higher than those of NPK and CK,and the highest yield was 12971.4 kg/hm~2.The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers was an optimal solution for promoting the growth and development of maize roots in local dryland agricultural areas and ensuring high and stable yield.

关 键 词：旱作农业 玉米 有机肥 根系形态 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]