氢气在管线钢表面的解离吸附机制及影响因素研究进展  

Research review of the mechanism and influencing factors in dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on pipeline steel surface

作　　者：宋雨霖 李玉星[1] SONG Yulin;LI Yuxing(College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China))

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院

出　　处：《油气储运》2024年第11期1212-1223,共12页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“氢能技术”重点专项“中低压纯氢与掺氢燃气管道输送及其应用关键技术”,2021YFB4001601。

摘　　要：【目的】在能源转型大背景下,氢能备受关注,建立可靠的氢气输送系统必不可少,而临氢管道建设需要对氢环境下管材氢脆导致材料失效的风险进行评价。氢进入管线钢引发氢脆需要6个步骤,其中对于氢产生、氢吸附步骤的相关研究尚不成熟,学者对氢吸附的机理认识存在分歧,因此研究氢气在管线钢表面的解离吸附机制尤为重要。【方法】聚焦于氢产生、氢吸附步骤,系统综述了氢气在管线钢上的解离吸附机制,通过Lennard-Jones势能曲线描述氢在金属铁表面相互作用过程,基于热力学与密度泛函理论模拟计算氢在铁表面上的解离吸附方式,并通过分析轨道成键、电荷转移得到氢在铁表面的解离吸附机理,提出氢解离吸附的环境、金属表面、氢自身3种影响因素,并总结得出相应的抑制氢解离吸附方法。【结果】氢气可通过活化解离为氢原子的方式吸附于金属铁表面并进入管材内部,其机理主要为H2与Fe发生轨道杂化作用使得H—H键断裂形成H—Fe键。氢质量分数、氢流动状态、杂质气体、温度、铁表面状态等因素均会对氢解离吸附产生不同程度的影响,基于此提出涂层、腐蚀膜、保护气3种阻氢方法,从表面吸附过程抑制氢进入管线钢引发氢脆,其中保护气方法最为经济便捷。【结论】该研究明确了H2在管线钢表面解离吸附的具体实现过程,未来需对多因素耦合条件下的氢解离吸附进行研究并提出经济有效的阻氢方案,为临氢管道完整性管理打下基础,为临氢管材安全性提供保障。(图3,表1,参52)[Objective]Hydrogen energy has drawn significant attention as the strategy of energy transition pushing forward,making it essential to establish reliable hydrogen transmission systems.For the construction of hydrogen service pipelines,it is vital to evaluate the risk of material failure due to hydrogen embrittlement in pipes.Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when hydrogen comes into contact with pipeline steel through a process consisting of six steps,among which hydrogen generation and adsorption lack of well-developed theories,leading to disparities among scholars in their understanding of the hydrogen adsorption mechanism.Therefore,studying the dissociative adsorption mechanism of hydrogen on pipeline steel is particularly crucial.[Methods]Focusing on hydrogen generation and adsorption,this paper presents a systematic review of the dissociative adsorption mechanism of hydrogen on pipeline steel.Lennard-Jones potential curves are incorporated to illustrate the interaction process between hydrogen and the iron surface.The dissociative adsorption modes of hydrogen on the iron surface were simulated and calculated leveraging thermodynamics and density functional theory.By analyzing orbital bonding and charge transfer,the dissociative adsorption mechanism of hydrogen on the iron surface was identified.This paper summarizes three influencing factors in the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen:the environment,the surface,and the hydrogen itself,while proposing corresponding methods to inhibit the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen.[Results]Hydrogen was found to be adsorbed on the surface of pipeline steel through activated dissociation into hydrogen atoms,which then enter the pipes.This process follows the primary mechanism in which orbital hybridization between H2 and Fe leads to the rupture of the H-H bonds and the subsequent formation of H-Fe bonds.Several factors were observed to influence the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen to varying degrees,including hydrogen concentration,hydrogen flow state,gas impurities,te

关 键 词：氢气 管线钢 掺氢天然气 解离吸附 表面作用 氢脆 保护气 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]