白浆土改良对籽用南瓜产量和土壤物理性质的影响  

Research on Seed Pumpkin Yield and Soil Physical Properties After Albic Soil Improvement

作　　者：孟庆英[1] 王秋菊[1] 邹佳何 李婧阳[1] 刘鑫 冯浩原 MENG Qingying;WANG Qiuju;ZOU Jiahe;LI Jingyang;LIU Xin;FENG Haoyuan(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient/Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086;Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养实验室,黑龙江省农业科学院博士后科研工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第22期58-66,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD1500800);2022年度黑龙江省博士后资助经费资助项目(LBH-Z22262)。

摘　　要：以白浆土为试材,以普通深松作对照,采用淀积层混拌白浆层机械改良白浆土方法,进行大区试验,研究了白浆土黑土层和白浆层土壤三相、孔隙度、硬度、机械组成等物理性质变化,以期为白浆土改良和籽用南瓜产量提升提供参考依据。结果表明:与普通深松处理相比,改土处理的白浆层土壤固相比值显著降低5.07%,土壤气相比值显著提高173.91%。改土处理的白浆层总孔隙度提高到45.67%,改土处理提高了白浆层土壤通气性能、降低土壤容重,增加土壤库容,降低了白浆层硬度,土壤机械组成发生变化。改土处理白浆层黏粒(<2μm)含量增加了16.27%,砂粒(20~2 000μm)含量减少了18.64%。与深松处理相比,改土处理的白浆层土壤水稳性大团聚体比例(R>0.25)显著增加17.32%,平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)值也有提高,这说明淀积层混拌白浆层可有效增加土壤大团聚体数量,改善土壤结构,增加土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性。与深松处理相比,籽用南瓜增产29.73%,烂瓜率大幅度降低。采用三段式心土混层犁将白浆土淀积层混拌白浆层可有效改善白浆层物理性状,提高籽用南瓜产量及质量,产量增幅29.73%。籽用南瓜产量与白浆层土壤固相比值、土壤容重和土壤砂粒含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);与土壤总孔隙度、土壤水稳性大团聚体数量(>2、2~0.25 mm)呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。An experiment was implemented with albic soil material.The test was set as a large area experiment with the treatment of illuvium horizon mixing with the albic horizon,and an ordinary subsoiling treatment was set as control.The changes of physical properties such as the three phases,porosity,hardness and mechanical composition of the soil in the black soil horizon and the albic soil horizon were studied,in order to provide reference for improve the soil condition and increase the seed pumpkin yield.The results showed that the solid phase ratio of the improved Baijiang layer was significantly reduced by 5.07%,and the gas phase ratio was significantly increased by 173.91%compared to the control.The improvement treatment raised the total porosity of the Baijiang layer to 45.67%,improved the soil aeration and storage capacity,and decreased the bulk density.The soil hardness declined and the mechanical composition changed after treatment.The clay particles(<2μm)were increased by 16.27%and the sand particles(20-2000μm)were decreased by 18.64%.The proportion of water stable macroaggregates(R>0.25)in treated Baijiang layer was significantly increased by 17.32%.The MWD and GMD value was increased as well.Which indicated that the treatment of sediment layer mixing with the Baijiang layer could improve the soil structure and enhance the quantity and the stability of water stable macroaggregates.Compared to the control,the seed pumpkin yield was increased by 29.73%with a large decline in rotting rate.The seed pumpkin yield was significantly negatively correlated(P<0.05)with the soil solid ratio,soil bulk density,and soil sand content,and was significantly positive correlated(P<0.05)with soil total porosity and the quantity of soil water stable macroaggregates(>2 mm and 2-0.25 mm)in Baijiang soil.

关 键 词：白浆土 土壤物理性质 籽用南瓜 

分 类 号：S156.3[农业科学—土壤学]