热二极管及其热控功能结构制造的研究现状与发展趋势  

Development Status and Perspective Trend of Thermal Diodes and Its Thermal Control Functional Structure Manufacture

作　　者：邵常焜 汤勇[1] 陈恭 余树东 颜才满 丁鑫锐 袁伟[1] 张仕伟[1] SHAO Changkun;TANG Yong;CHEN Gong;YU Shudong;YAN Caiman;DING Xinrui;YUAN Wei;ZHANG Shiwei(School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641;Department of Mechanical Engineering,City University of Hongkong,Hongkong 999077,China;School of Advanced Manufacturing,Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen 518107)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广州510641 [2]香港城市大学机械工程学系,中国香港999077 [3]中山大学先进制造学院,深圳518107

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第20期271-288,共18页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52105444,52235011);广州市科技计划(202201010543)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着技术的进步,以5G芯片、IGBT等高热流密度器件为核心的高端设备对于热控的要求越来越高。这不仅需要精确地控制热源的温度以防止温度过高,还要求控制热量的流向,防止热量逆流损伤设备。以热管为代表的传统相变热控器件虽然具有极高的热导率,但热管的双向导热特性限制了其应用范围。而热二极管是一种可以单向传输热量的器件,正反方向的热导率具有显著差异,其独特的热控能力对于电子设备热控、储能、建筑散热等领域具有重要意义。基于此,对现有各种类型热二极管的原理、优缺点及应用进行了概述。定量研究对比了不同类型的热二极管,指出相变传热式热二极管的综合传热性能较其他类型热二极管更优。重点综述了相变传热式热二极管表面功能结构的加工及壳体封装工艺,讨论了目前国内外相关方面的研究进展以及存在的问题,并对未来发展趋势进行展望。With the advancement of technology,there is a growing need for effective thermal control of high-power density devices like 5G chips and IGBT.Not only the temperature of the heat source needs to be controlled accurately to avoid being too high,but also the path of heat transfer should be controlled to prevent the devices from damaging due to heat countercurrent.While traditional phase change thermal control devices such as heat pipes have impressive thermal conductivity,they are limited by their isotropic heat transfer property.In contrast,thermal diodes can transmit heat in one direction with significant differences in thermal conductivity between the positive and negative directions.This unique ability makes them well-suited for electronic equipment thermal control,energy storage,building heat dissipation,and other applications.A comprehensive review of different types of thermal diodes across various fields was presented in this work,including their principles,advantages,disadvantages,and applications.Quantitative research was used to compare different types of thermal diodes,highlighting the advantages of phase change thermal diodes for superior heat transfer performance.The functional surface structure manufacturing processing and packaging processes of phase change thermal diodes were also discussed.The existing problems and development trends in related fields were identified and the research trend and development of the phase change thermal diode were prospected.

关 键 词：热二极管 相变传热 表面功能结构 热控制 热管理 

分 类 号：TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]