常州市钟楼区出生缺陷医院监测结果及影响因素分析  

Hospital surveillance results and analysis of birth defects in Zhonglou district of Changzhou city

作　　者：丁志芬 王丽 谈笑[2,3] 施秀颖 王分霞 毕丽军 曹雯 Ding Zhifen;Wang Li;Tan Xiao;Shi Xiuying;Wang Fenxia;Bi Lijun;Cao Wen(Department of Women's Health,Changzhou Zhonglou Maternal and Child Health Planning Service Center,Changzhou Jiangsu 213000,China;Health Department,Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Changzhou Jiangsu 213000,China;Department of Family Planning Guidance,Changzhou Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou Jiangsu 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省常州市钟楼区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心妇女保健科,江苏常州213000 [2]江苏省常州市妇幼保健院保健部,江苏常州213000 [3]南京医科大学常州医学中心计生指导科,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2024年第8期84-89,共6页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(H2019013);江苏省常州市“十四五”卫生健康高层次人才培养工程——拔尖人才(2022CZBJ087);南京医科大学常州医学中心临床研究项目(CMCC202315)。

摘　　要：目的 了解常州市钟楼区医院监测出生缺陷疾病谱与发生率变化趋势,研究其流行病学特征和可能的影响因素,以探讨降低出生缺陷的干预措施。方法 选取2019年1月1日—2023年12月31日于江苏省常州市钟楼区助产机构内住院分娩的孕产妇所分娩的孕满28周至出生后7 d内的围产儿以及小于28周的引产儿为研究对象,收集出生缺陷相关数据资料,计算出生缺陷发生率,探讨出生缺陷类型分布和顺位,以及可能的影响因素等。结果 2019—2023年常州市钟楼区人群全孕期出生缺陷发生率为5.58%,围产儿出生缺陷发生率为3.92%。不同时间出生围产儿的出生缺陷发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=113.00,P<0.001);2019—2023年围产儿出生缺陷发生率整体呈升高趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=16.13,P<0.001)。不同年龄段孕产妇分娩的围产儿出生缺陷发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中<20岁组最高,25~29岁组发生率最低。不同学历孕产妇分娩的围产儿出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),孕产妇学历越低,其分娩的围产儿出生缺陷发生率越高。不同孕次孕产妇分娩的围产儿出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),孕2次最低,孕4次及以上最高。此外,受孕方式为辅助生殖的围产儿出生缺陷发生率明显高于自然受孕的围产儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1 968例有出生缺陷的围产儿中,先天性心脏病者1 362例,发生率最高(2.71%),占全部出生缺陷者的69.20%,居首位。结论 常州市钟楼区出生缺陷发生率相对较高,孕产妇低龄及高龄、低学历、多胎妊娠、辅助生殖、孕次4次及以上可能是影响围产儿出生缺陷的危险因素,该地区的出生缺陷防控工作需持久重视。Objective To understand the spectrum and incidence trend of birth defects in hospitals in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City,to study their epidemiological characteristics and possible influencing factors,in order to explore intervention measures to reduce birth defects.Methods Pregnant women who delivered in obstetric institutions in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City from January 1,2019,to December 31,2023,with pregnancies of 28 weeks or more to within 7 days after birth,and induced abortions of less than 28 weeks,were selected as the study participants.Data related to birth defects were collected,and the incidence of birth defects was calculated to explore the distribution and rank of birth defect types,as well as possible influencing factors.Results The overall incidence of birth defects throughout the pregnancy in the population of Zhonglou District from 2019 to 2023,was 5.58%,and the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants was 3.92%.Significant differences were noted in the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants born at different times(χ^(2)=113.00,P<0.001);the overall trend of the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants from 2019 to 2023 was increasing(χ_(trend)^(2) =16.13,P<0.001).Significant differences were found in the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants delivered by pregnant women of different age groups(P<0.05),with the highest incidence in the group under 20 years old and the lowest in the 25-29 years old group.Moreover,significant differences were observed in the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants delivered by pregnant women with different educational levels(P<0.05),with the incidence of birth defects increasing as the educational level of the pregnant women decreased.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants delivered by pregnant women with different numbers of pregnancies(P<0.05),with the lowest incidence in the second pregnancy and the highest in the fourth pregnancy or more.Additi

关 键 词：出生缺陷 监测 围产儿 发生率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R714.5[医药卫生—妇产科学]