论中国古代都城规划的形制束与规范变迁——基于《考工记》后17个古代都城的实证  

FORMS AND NORM TRANSITION OF PLANNING FOR ANCIENT CHINESE CAPITAL CITIES:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON 17 ANCIENT CAPITAL CITIES AFTER KAOGONGJI

作　　者：刘迪[1] LIU Di

机构地区：[1]中国城市规划设计研究院上海分院

出　　处：《城市规划》2024年第11期4-19,共16页City Planning Review

摘　　要：针对中国古代都城规划在学界一直存有争论的两个基本问题:(1)为什么《考工记》在后世实践中鲜有完全匹配其形制的案例?(2)为什么本出同源的明清都城与秦汉都城在空间形制上差异如此之大?从社会思潮的视角,提出自然形制、人文形制、功能形制以形制束的方式平行作用于都城,且其规范经多次历史变迁的总论点。剖析了各形制内容,阐述了规范变迁的社会动因与演变过程。实证以西周至清代17个都城城址为依据,通过对历代城址图的连续性切片解构,构建出以“形制-规范”为横轴、历代都城时序为纵轴的形制束解析框架和规范变迁表,并辅以“史料-图解-数据”的文-图-数实证支撑体系,验证上述论点。为古代都城规划摆脱孤立个案研究提供了一种新思路。There are two fundamental issues in the academic debate regarding the planning and research of ancient Chinese capital cities:(1)Why are there so few complete cases in later practices that match the form outlined in the Kaogongji?(2)Why do the Ming and Qing capitals,which share a common origin,differ so significantly in spatial form from the capitals of the Qin and Han dynasties?From the perspective of social trends,the overarching argument is that natural forms,humanistic forms,and functional forms operate in parallel with the capital city in a“form bundle”,and that their norms have undergone multiple historical changes.This study analyzes the content of these various forms and elaborates on the social motivations and processes of normative changes.Using 17 capital city sites from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty as the empirical basis,the study deconstructs continuity slices of historical city site maps.It proposes a framework for analyzing form constraints and a table of normative changes,with form and norms on the horizontal axis and historical city time series on the vertical axis.This is supplemented by a textual,graphic,and numerical empirical support system derived from historical materials and data to validate the above arguments.This approach offers a new perspective for moving beyond isolated case studies in the planning of ancient capital cities.

关 键 词：中国古代城市规划 考工记 传统哲学思想 传统规划理念 人居环境 都城形制 格局演化 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]