《穆天子传》历谱复原  

Restoration of the Calendar in The Biography of Mu Tian Zi

作　　者：曲安京[1] 李刚[1] Qu Anjing;Li Gang(Institute for Advanced Study in History of Science,Northwest University,Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities of Shaanxi Province,710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,陕西省文化遗产数字人文重点实验室,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2024年第4期12-27,共16页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历法史”(22&ZD221)。

摘　　要：通过对《穆天子传》记载的历月、历日信息的推理计算,复原了《穆天子传》所依据的历谱,证实这一复原历谱与《竹书纪年》指定的穆王年代区间(前952年至前947年)的真实天象是完全吻合的,且限于西周前段200年的时间,与真实天象相吻合的唯一理想时段。在此基础上,根据历代历法家掌握的天文常数,进一步推定,《穆天子传》所依据的历谱不存在后世伪造的可能性,其文本记录的所有时间信息都是真实可信的。由此推断,《竹书纪年》记载的穆王年表也应该是真实可信的。这表明,至少就周穆王时期来说,《穆天子传》与今本《竹书纪年》的史料价值是可信的,应该得到历史学家,特别是西周年代学家的信任与重视。This paper calculates the months/days information recorded in The biography of Mu Tian Zi(《穆天子传》)to restore the calendar during the King Mu of Western Zhou period(周穆王). And it could be confirmed that the restored calendar was totally consistent with the astronomical phenomena in the King Mu period(952 BC to 947 BC)according to The biography of Zhu Shu Ji Nian(《竹书纪年》). Moreover,the calendar recorded in The biography of Mu Tian Zi was the only ideal period that coincided with the astronomical phenomena during the early 200 years of the Western Zhou period. Subsequently, this paper also confirms that both the time sections recorded in The biography of Mu Tian Zi and the chronology of King Mu recorded in The biography of Zhu Shu Ji Nian is credible. In conclusion, it could be inferred that the historical value of The biography of Mu Tian Zi and Zhu Shu Ji Nian should be recognized by chronologists who mainly researched in the Western Zhou period. According to the chronology of King Mu recorded in The biography of Zhu Shu Ji Nian, this paper restores the calendar in The biography of Mu Tian Zi Zhuan,which provides an important way to reveal the mystery of the calendar in the early Western Zhou period.

关 键 词：《穆天子传》 《竹书纪年》 周穆王 西周 历谱 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]