元明时期下塘河水环境与水利系统的演变  

Water Environment and Water Conservancy System of Xiatang Canal during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties

作　　者：敬淼春 Jing Miaochun(Department of History,Suzhou University,215123)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学历史学系,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2024年第4期68-79,共12页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“9—20世纪长江中下游地区水文环境对运河及圩田体系的影响”(18ZDA178);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231906);江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“明清时期江南区域水土环境与乡村社会变迁研究”(24LSC010)。

摘　　要：元明时期嘉湖平原下塘河的形成改变了低地湖漾区域的水流环境,河湖水网在围垦中逐渐形成以运河为干、圩田河道为支的水网格局。明代以降,官民群体为防备东苕溪水流冲决运河所构建的堤塘系统,既整合了运河沿线的纵横支河水系,又对圩田水网起到关键性形塑作用。不过,由于运河堤塘横切作用的强化,东苕溪与下塘河之间水流环境发生改变,水流破决圩岸、威胁漕运的频次升高。嘉湖平原水利生态趋于恶化,漕运与圩田难得兼顾,下塘河区域的堤塘与堰闸成为维持排水、灌溉与航运的基础水利设施。受围垦与漕运影响,元明时期下塘河区域长期需要面对引流、灌溉、排水等诸多问题,当地水利系统的构建过程也是一个不断调适的过程。The construction of Xiatang canal(下塘河)changed the water environment of lowland lake area in Jiahu plain. The canal and watercourses jointly consisted water network in the polder system. Since the Ming Dynasty, the officials and civilians has constructed the dyke and pond system to prevent the Dongtiaoxi stream(东苕溪)captured the canal, which also effectively integrated the river systems along the canal and played a significant role in composing the water network for polder system. However, the water environment of Dongtiaoxi stream and Xiatang canal had changed due to its intensification of crosscut effect,which reflected that the stream destroyed the dike and threatened water transport. The water conservancy system in Jiahu Plain tended to be deteriorated, and it was difficult to balance the water utilized for transport and polder system. Afterward, the dykes and weirs were constructed for maintaining drainage, irrigation and navigation along the Xiatang canal. In conclusion, the construction of water conservancy system along the Xiatang canal went through long-term adaptation process under the influence of reclamation and grain transporting in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

关 键 词：下塘河 嘉湖平原 水环境 水利系统 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]